Demographic Analysis and Pregnancy Outcome by Yolk Sac Tool during First Trimester: Observational Study
Journal Title: International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) - Year 2018, Vol 3, Issue 2
Abstract
Background:Human reproduction is a relatively ineffective process. It is estimated that spontaneous abortion occurs in 10% - 25% of clinically recognized pregnancies1. If we consider pregnancies starting at the implementation stage, the frequency of spontaneous abortion is 30-40%2. For this reason and in view of the anxiety a couple may undergo waiting for a successful outcome, many authors have studied the prognosis of pregnancy based on ultrasound criteria obtained during the first trimester of pregnancy. The yolk sac functions as the primary route of exchange between the embryo and mother prior to the establishment of the placental circulation. To find out normal size and shape of the yolk sac in pregnancies between 5-12 weeks of gestation, its association with pregnancy outcome and correlation of various fetal parameters with mean yolk sac diameter.Methods: 197 Antenatal patients in the first trimester attending op for routine visits or with first trimester bleeding in the department of obstetrics & gynecology at tertiary care hospital, were randomly selected for this study from August 2005 to April 2008. It is aretrospective observational study.Results: In pregnancies with normal outcome (n=150), the YSD was progressively increased from 0.2cm at 6 weeks of GA to 0.8 cm at 9.4 weeks of GA. The mean YS was 0.49cm with Standard deviation of 0.116cm. 92.1% had yolk sac diameter of less than < 0.6cm and 7.9% had diameter of >0.6cm. 18% of pregnancies with normal yolk sac size were aborted were as 47% of pregnancies with large yolk sac were aborted. There was correlation between yolk sac diameter and outcome of the pregnancy and it was statistically significant.Conclusions: In this study no normal pregnancy had YS diameter more than 5.6mm below 10 weeks of gestation. In present study showed that large yolk sac >.6cm was associated with a poor pregnancy out come. Of the 189 patients in whom yolk sac was visualized 15 had large yolk sac and 7 of them aborted. Large yolk sac size was found to be 18% sensitive and 95% specific in predicting subsequent pregnancy loss. It is valuable tool in predicting the outcome of the pregnancy.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr. Prema Elizabeth Jeyanthi David
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