Detection of Eye Movements of ALS Patients
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2019, Vol 19, Issue 2
Abstract
ALS is one of the most common neuromuscular diseases worldwide, and people of all races and ethnic backgrounds are affected. ALS most commonly strikes people between 40 and 60 years of age, but younger and older people also can develop the disease. For severe disabled people, communication abilities are highly limited. In this paper, we describe a method that makes the communication possible with low cost equipment and help the patient to activate a GUI such that certain eye movements move a cursor on a pre-designed screen and each time the cursor moves, it say the word that it pointed to. If the patient decides to choose this wort, they blink with their eyes and the word is heard again and is written to a file. The session terminates when the patient blinks more than pre-defined number of times in a row. Methods to detect eye-movement and gaze tracking involve either infrared illumination or high- resolution camera. Some works relates to use of low-resolution camera or using laser. Some method uses deep learning algorithms. The main difficulty with those methods is that severe patients close their eyes and using a camera or laser will not be a proper solution. Addition obstacle is the fact that all methods assume relatively clean signals with no additional muscle movement or the noise that is produced from various machines attached to the patient. The method we will use is based on the Electro-Ocular Gram (EOG) signal for determining the position of the pupil of the eye.EOG signal is usually accompanied with noise stem from environment signals and biological signals like EEG and EMG. The literature, describe a two stages process for producing the signal. First stage includes amplifying the signal by a differential amplifier and the second stage includes filtering the signal by low pass filter with cutoff frequency of 38Hz. The first stage differential amplifier inputs are the signals received from right and left eyes. It should reject the common signal for the two inputs (noise) and amplify the difference between the two signals. The purpose of the following stage, which is low pass filter, is to filter out the environmental noise (Figures 1 & 2).
Authors and Affiliations
Eli Kolberg
Keywords
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- EP ID EP621699
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.19.003285
- Views 136
- Downloads 0
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