Development of A Novel Ultrasonic Sound-Generated Device: The Physical Tool for Controlling Immature Stages of Mosquitoes Transmitting Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (Aedes aegypti) and Filariasis (Culex quinquefasciatus)
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2019, Vol 19, Issue 3
Abstract
Perseus is an ultrasonic sound-generated device developed as a physical tool for controlling the immature stages of mosquitoes by generating an ultrasonic wave at an appropriate frequency, which is specific to mosquito larvae and pupae. Its killing effect was evaluated against the larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, which are vectors of dengue haemorrhagic fever and filariasis respectively, under laboratory conditions. In addition, Perseus was investigated for the control of Ae. aegypti in the field. Perseus showed extreme efficacy in killing the larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus with 100% mortality within minutes after exposure. In the field, House Index (HI) and Container Index (CI) in a Perseus treated group were decreased dramatically from 73.3% to 6.7% and 66.1% to 1.6%, respectively. When compared with a non-treated control group, the HI fluctuated between 53.3% and 70% and CI remained between 41.2% and 59.6% during the same period. Negative impacts of the ultrasonic wave generated by Perseus also were studied against some aquatic non-target organisms usually found in mosquito breeding sites. No adverse effects were found in Guppy fish (P. reticulata), Swordtail fish (X. hellerii), small water-boatmen (M. grisea) or freshwater snails (I. exustus) after exposure to the ultrasonic wave. In conclusion, Perseus showed excellent killing effect against the immature stages of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. It is an innovative physical tool that could be used as supplementary equipment for controlling mosquito vectors, without using pesticides or having negative impact on beneficial aquatic organisms.Sound waves are physical energy caused by vibrating material. The energy of the vibrator is transferred to particles of the medium that are exposed to sound. These particles transfer the energy of vibrations together with the particles of the next medium, resulting in sound propagation for sound waves in air or water. Ultrasounds are high frequency waves (higher than 20kHz) that are used extensively in many industries and for medical purposes. They could be used in industry for detecting cracks and flaws in metal blocks or cleaning parts that are difficult to reach. Regarding medical purposes, ultrasound has been used in various instruments, such as echocardiograms and ultrasound scanners, and it is used to break up small kidney stones into fine grains. Moreover, ultrasonic waves have been used for marine purposes in measuring the speed, direction and distance of underwater objects. In addition, attempts have been made to exploit ultrasonic sound for insect and pest control. Many ultrasound devices were developed and tested for repellent efficacy against various kinds of insects and pests, and it was found that they were not effective against mosquitoes [1,2], bed bugs [3], fleas, ticks or cockroaches [4]. There have been very few studies on the larvicidal efficacy of ultrasound devices against mosquito larvae until recently. However, a 2015 study in the USA showed that two devices; the Larvasonic™ Field Arm Mobile Wetlands Unit and SD-Mini, were effective against Culex mosquitoes [5]. In Thailand, mosquito-borne diseases, such as dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), chikungunya, zika, filariasis and malaria are very important communicable diseases, which cause many deaths each year. Among these, DHF is the most dangerous causing a high incidence of over 100,000 patients in Thailand every 2 to 3 years. Since the disease was first reported in 1958, DHF has spread across Thailand and become an important mosquito-borne disease of the country [6]. Until now, an effective vaccine for DHF has not been available. Therefore, control of DHF vectors, such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, is the best strategy for decreasing the incidence of this disease [6]. This study aimed to develop an ultrasonic-generated device and evaluate its efficacy for controlling the immature stages of 2 species of mosquito vectors. It also studied its impact on some aquatic animals that are not target organisms
Authors and Affiliations
Apiwat Tawatsin, Usavadee Thavara, Padet Siriyasatien, Sopon Permpoonburana
Keywords
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- EP ID EP621750
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2019.19.003298
- Views 131
- Downloads 0
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