Development of immune checkpoint inhibitors for treating various cancer diseased conditions
Journal Title: International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Research (IJPCR) - Year 2017, Vol 1, Issue 2
Abstract
Cancer is a state which involves an abnormal increase in the number of cells, with a potentiality to invade or spread to other parts of the body and destroy their function. Every individual is born with an immune system that acts as a security checkpoint. The immune system does possess B and T lymphocytes, B -cells acts as the military intelligence and T-cells acts as soldiers it also possesses some receptors that scan normal cells and abnormal cells like a virus and some other cells. Abnormal cells are detected and removed by the T-cells, but in some conditions, T-cells fail to detect and eliminate cancer cells. This is because of higher mutations in cancer cells leads to a development of some of the receptors like PD-L1 which acts as the signal jammer of the T-cell. This leads to failure in the work of T-cells against the cancer cells not only this some other receptors like CTLA-4 of T-Cells acts as a type of “off switch” to keep the immune system in off. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are used by targeting PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 targets and drugs like pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ipilimumab and etc. are used to treat various types of cancer.
Authors and Affiliations
Ramoju Kishore Kumar
Keywords
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