Dose Dependent Effects of Retinoids on the Heart of Swiss Albino Mice
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) - Year 2016, Vol 11, Issue 4
Abstract
The specific branch of developmental biology which deals with abnormalities caused as a result of failure of normal pattern of development is referred as teratogenesis. Retinoids are essential for spermatogenesis, oogenesis, placental development, foetal morphogenesis and growth. The role of vitamin A in vision is well known . Active derivative of vitamin A (Retinoids ) play an important and multiple role in Mammalian development and homeostasis (Sapin, et.al. 1997, Dup et al 1997). These essential dietary compounds are needed in very small quantities, they are not synthesized by the animals and are obtained from external sources in the form of β carotene (C40H56). In cells of intestine β carotene is converted into vitamin A alcohol and is transported by blood to liver where it is esterfied and stored as vitamin A palmitate. RA is not stored in liver but is derived from retinal and it is biologically the most potent form of vitamin A. Vitamins are organic compounds which are devided into 2 categories i Fat soluble (A,D,E,K) and ii water soluble (B and C). Vitamin A belongs to fat soluble category of vitamins. A fat soluble substance essential for life was first discovered in egg yolk in 1909 by Stepp (Pawson, 1981; Robert and Sporn, 1984). It was confirmed by Mc Collum Devis in 1913 when he found a compound with similar biological activity in butter fats, egg yolk and cod liver oil and was named fat soluble vitamin A. The development of an organism is a complex process of embryogenesis involving cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and organogenesis. Many agents interfering the development process can cause malformations in the embryo. The study of these congenital abnormalities is called teratology and agents which are responsible for causing these malformations are called teratogens. Susceptibility to teratogens depends on the genotype of the organism, including species as well as strain differences. Etienne Geoffrey Saint Hilaire and his son in 1820 started experiments on chick embryo by disturbing its environment in different ways at different embryonic stages. They found some anomalies like Trioncephally, atrophy of eyes and spina bifida in his experiments (Tuli, 1968). In 1877 Dareste reported found some anomalies like Trioncephally, atrophy of eyes and spina bifida in his Experiments (Tuli, 1968). RA severely damaged skin on later stage ie 11th and 14th day gestation period ,of development , shows disruption and folds of skin look like over varying skin
Authors and Affiliations
Dr Rashmi Sharma, Ashok Gupta
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP385522
- DOI 10.9790/3008-1104021723
- Views 80
- Downloads 0
Appraisal Of The Utilization Of Contraceptive Devices Among Women Aged 18 – 45yrs In Some Selected Hospitals In Abuja Municipal Area Council Of Federalcapital Territory Abuja
Contraceptives are devices employed to prevent pregnancy. Birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy. The use of birth control and proper Planning is...
Evaluation of the Anticonvulsant Activity of the Aqueous Extract of Crinum Scillifolium Bulbs (Amaryllidaceae) In Experimental Animals
Crinum species known today are generally used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases such as tumors, fever, malaria, febrile convulsions. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant propert...
An Overview of Medicinal Plants as Potential Anti-Platelet Agents
Anti-platelet agents are those that decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation. Anti-platelet drugs are used to prevent and help in the reversal of platelet aggregation in arterial thrombosis which is t...
Effect of some chemicals inducers on terpenes production (ginkgolide A and bilobalide) in callus of Ginkgo bilobaL. plant
The present experiment was carried out to study the effectof some inducers i.e. casein (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g), gibberellic acid(0.1, 0.5,1 and 2 ppm) and sucrose(45,60, 75 and 90 g) on callus growth, terpenesproduction (g...
Isolation, Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility of pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Samples
150 Samples have been collected, through the period from January/2016 to June/2016 . This for isolation and identification of pathogenic gram negative bacteria. The samples were involve 50 burns samples for isolate Pseud...