DYNAMICS OF GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF FLAXSEED OIL DEPENDING ON THE CONDITIONS OF HUMIDIFICATION, FERTILIZER, ROW SPACING AND SEED RATE IN THE SOUTH OF UKRAINE
Journal Title: Наукові доповіді НУБіП України - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 5
Abstract
The cultivation of oil flax in arid conditions requires consideration of the influence of agrotechnical factors (irrigation, fertilizer background, row spacing, seed rates, etc.) on the dynamics of growth and development of plants, the duration of interphase periods of culture and survival. These questions are relevant, since in the conditions of the south of Ukraine have not been studied yet. Numerous studies have established the significant effect of irrigation in conjunction with the increased background of mineral nutrition. The systems of mineral nutrition of flax and oil flax have significant differences due to the specificity of the soil-climatic zones of their cultivation, as well as the peculiarity of the direction of the production process because of various types of products. The problem of growing flaxseed oil is to achieve a balance between two opposite processes and the formation of quality seeds and good flax fiber. In this case, the structure of crops is different, and the physiological maturation of seeds and fibers is achieved at the same time. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of agrotechnical measures on the dynamics of development and productivity of flaxen oil in the conditions of the South of Ukraine. The task of the study was to determine the influence of the investigated factors - humidity conditions, mineral fertilizer doses, row spacing and seed rates on the duration of interphase periods, field resemblance, survival and yield of flaxseed oil seeds. The research was carried out during 2009-2013 in the field and irrigated crop rotations of the Askaniyska SARS of the Institute of Irrigated Farming of the NAAN of Ukraine, located in the Kakhovka district of the Kherson region. Technology in the experiment, with the exception of the factors to be studied, was recommended in the cultivation of oil flax in the Dry Steppe zone. Changes in the conditions of water supply and the level of mineral nutrition, as well as the differences in the placement of plants on the area of the field reflected on the duration of growth phases and the development of oil flax. The yield of each crop is significantly determined by the processes of forming the internal structure of the crop. The problem is of particular importance for flax, and in cases of dual use of culture, since the crop density determines the difference in the processes of formation of stem mass, the relationship between seeds and stalks, the quality and technological properties of straw. Elements of agrotechnology determined the conditions that influenced resemblance and survival of plants. Conditions which were unfavorable to the culture at the first stage of growth: strong winds, a sharp increase in temperatures and a lack of humidity, caused a low similarity, which in non-irrigated conditions varied from 73.0 to 76.3%, and at irrigation – from 72.7 to 76,1%, which testifies to similarity of conditions of germination of culture. The effect of row spacing was noted on resemblance. Due to the sharp increase in the number of seeds per linear meter, a number of field similarities averaged 1.7 percentage points. Fertilizers and seeding rate do not have a significant effect on the similarity of flaxen. Increasing the width of the row spacing from 15 to 45 cm with a constant seeds rate reduces the field similarity by 1.7 percentage points. Survival as an indicator reflects the conditions that were formed during the vegetation period and their suitability to plant needs. Against the background of natural moisture, under the influence of other factors, plant conservation varied from 82.7 to 86.9%, while with irrigation – from 86.2 to 89.6%; on average, the survival increased by 3.1 percentage points. The yield of seeds under the influence of the agro-technical measures and technological parameters studied increased by 23.7%, to 2.16 t/ha. On average, in the natural background of moisture, it was 1.3 t/ha, and due to improved humidity conditions, it increased by 1.35 times reaching the level of 1.75 t/ha. The effectiveness of irrigation depended on the supply of nutrients and other factors. The greater were the advantages of irrigation against the background of the use of fertilizers, increasing fertilizer rates, as well as, on crops with an intermediate row of 15 cm. The introduction of mineral fertilizers N45P30K30 and an increase in the norm to N90P60K60, regardless of other factors, is accompanied by a significant increase in the productivity of the crop in 1.41-1.43 times to the highest level in the experiment. Increasing the intermediate row from 15 to 45 cm, in all combinations of factors and their gradations, led to a 14.7% decreases in average yields in the conditions of natural moisture and 12.4% in the case of irrigation. Regardless of the humidity conditions, a higher seeding rate increased the difference between such variants. Thus, it has been determined that irrigation, among technological measures, has the most significant impact on the duration of vegetation of the culture, extending it for 8-9 days, mainly due to phases of the stage of generative development, resulting in increased linear yields of plants and elements of the structure of the crop. The period of growing crops with an interval of 45 cm lengthens for 4-5 days, and with the mineral fertilizers – for 1-2 days. In the ordinary seeding in absolute values, field similarity, with increasing seed rates, had a general tendency to increase, whereas in broad-leaved crops – to a decrease. In conditions of natural moisture, the highest seed yield at 1.65 t/ha was provided by dosage N90P60K60, seeding with an intermediate row of 15 cm with a norm of 6 million pcs./ha. With irrigated, the maximum yield of seeds – 2.16 t/ha was obtained by N90P60K60, seeding with an intermediate row of 15 cm and seeding rate of 7 million pcs./ha.
Authors and Affiliations
O. L. Rudik
Keywords
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- EP ID EP419391
- DOI 10.31548/dopovidi2018.05.015
- Views 97
- Downloads 0
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