Echocardiographic Pattern of Rheumatic Heart Disease In Makurdi Nigeria.
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) - Year 2017, Vol 16, Issue 12
Abstract
Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a major cause of acquired heart disease in children and adults in developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa has been described as the major hotspot for acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. However reported echocardiographic features are limited to a few countries in this region. We report the prevalence and pattern of valve involvement in RHD using echocardiography from our centre. Methods: The register of the echocardiography unit of the Benue State University Teaching hospital form May 2013 to April 2017 served as basis for data collection in this retrospective study. Transthoracic echocardiography data were reviewed and patients with a diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease selected. Information obtained from the records included the age, gender, clinical indication for echocardiography and echocardiographic diagnosis. Results: During the four year period under review, 231 echocardiograms were selected and 36(15.6%) of these had an echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease. There were 10 males and 26 females (ratio 1:2.6) with an age range of 5 to 81 years and a mean age of 46.61 ± 19.6 years. The commonest rheumatic lesion was isolated mitral regurgitation in 10 subjects(27.8%) followed by combined mitral and aortic valve disease in 7 subjects (19.4%) and then mixed aortic valve in 5 subjects (13.9%). Others included aortic regurgitation in 4 subjects(11.1%), 4 subjects with aortic stenosis (11.1%), mixed mitral valve disease in 3 subjects (8.3%) and isolated mitral stenosis in 3 subjects (8.3%). Complications of RHD documented included valvular cardiomyopathy (33.3%), secondary pulmonary hypertension (27.1%), atrial fibrillation (20.8%), functional tricuspid regurgitation (16.7%) and infective endocarditis(2.1%). Conclusion: RHD is still an important cause of cardiac morbidity and mainly involves the mitral and aortic valves with resultant life threatening complications. There is urgent need to implement a national control programme to reduce morbidity and mortality from this disease
Authors and Affiliations
Okpara Ihunanya Chinyere, Ereh Simon Edward
Keywords
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