Economic value of oilseed rape cultivars under production conditions with full fungicide protection technology using the SPEC forecasting system
Journal Title: Rośliny Oleiste - Oilseed Crops - Year 2010, Vol 31, Issue 1
Abstract
High profitability of oilseed rape production has caused great development of breeding of new cultivars with different characters and genetic background. Every year new population cultivars and hybrids are introduced to the market. The aim of this study was to characterize selected cultivars and hybrids of winter oilseed rape under field conditions resembling large scale production, taking into account all elements of good agricultural practice, connected with proper agrotechnical and plant protection treatments.The field experiment was done for two consecutive seasons: 2007/08 and 2008/09 at the Experimental Station of the National Research Institute of Animal Production in Pawlowice near Leszno (south of Wielkopolska region). The seeds were sown in the period recommended for the region of Wielkopolska (the end of August), according to the sowing rate of 45–50 seeds per 1 m2 for hybrids (10) and 55–65 seeds/m2 for cultivars (7). Each cultivar or hybrid was sown at production field of 1.8 ha (season 2007/08) and 0.7 ha (season 2008/09), in the field with small variation of soil quality, pH and equal contents of macro- and microelements. The plants were subjected to autumn and spring fungicide treatments. The protection of oilseed rape plants against stem canker of brassicas was done according to the advice of the SPEC system (www.spec.edu.pl). In both seasons two treatments were recommended: the first one at the beginning of October and the second in early spring. The fungicide treatment against sclerotinia stem rot was done at the beginning of flowering. The characterization of cultivars included following parameters: the percentage of plants with phoma leaf spotting in the autumn, the percentage of plants with stem canker and sclerotinia stem rot before harvest, seed yield at 9% humidity, mass of thousand seeds (MTS) and the percentage of oil in seeds. In the second year of the experiment the seeds of cultivars under study were also characterized in respect to the content of proteins, fibers and glucosinolates.The efficiency of the fungicide against stem canker of brassicas calculated according to the Abbot formula was 75.3% (season 2007/08) and 78.66% (season 2008/09), and for sclerotinia stem rot it was 72.73% and 80.65%, respectively. In spite of effective antifungal activity of the treatments, the cultivars greatly differed in the severity of disease symptoms in both years and seasons of study. In both autumn periods the cultivar Extend was the least infected with stem canker, but greatly infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causing sclerotinia stem rot. In the season 2008/09 there was a correlation between the percentage of plants infected before the winter pause in plant vegetation and at the harvest. The mass of thousand seeds collected in 2008 was 4.05 g on average and varied from 3.7 to 4.4 g. The average value of this parameter for the seeds of cultivars collected in 2009 was 3.81 g on average and varied from 3.34 to 4.46 g. No differences between the population and hybrid cultivars were found for this trait. The average percent of oil in seeds in subsequent years of study was 42 and 43% respectively. There was 1% more oil in seeds of hybrids as compared to population cultivars collected in 2008. Both groups of cultivars were similar in respect to the protein content in seeds (19.7–19.8%). The average content of glucosinolates in seeds was 12.22 μM/g of seeds, including 8.33 μM/g alkenyl glucosinolates and 3.89 μM/g of indole glucosinolates. The content of progoitrine was 5.45 μM/g of seeds and varied from 3.95 to 8.10 μM/g of seeds. The mean content of structural carbohydrates (fibers) was 21.56% of dry matter (fat free) in the case of ADF (acid detergent fiber) and 31.57% of NDF (neutral detergent fiber). The average seed yield in the season 2007/08 was 44.65 dt/ha and in the following season it was higher by 8.04 dt/ha on average. According to expectations, hybrids yielded higher than population cultivars, by 1.29 dt/ha in the season 2007/08 and 2.88 dt/ha in the season 2008/09.In spite of identical agrotechnology and plant protection treatments, great differences for many traits were found between the studied oilseed rape cultivars. This variability enables oilseed rape producers to choose the requested qualitative parameters of cultivars, as well as satisfactory yield of seeds and oil per hectare.
Authors and Affiliations
Andrzej Brachaczek, Michał Kamiński, Joanna Kaczmarek, Małgorzata Jędryczka
Keywords
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