Effect of Biological Nitrogen on the Yield of Dried Flower and Essential Oil of Calendula officinalis L. under End Season Water Deficit Condition
Journal Title: International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences - Year 2012, Vol 3, Issue 1
Abstract
To evaluate effect of irrigation disruption on the essential oil content, and yield of dried flower and essential oil of Calendula officinalis L., an experiment was conducted as split plot at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University (latitude 37.53 °N, 45.08 °E, and 1320 m above sea level) in 2010. Treatments; irrigation (irrigation disruption at first, second, third harvest and without disruption as control) as main plot and amount of biological nitrogen (0, 3, 6, and 9 (Liter per hectare) of biological nitrogen included Azotobacter and Azospirillum sp.) as sub plot were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data analysis of variance showed the significant interaction effect between irrigation disruption and biological nitrogen on essential oil content, flower yield and essential oil yield in first harvest, second harvest, third harvest, fourth harvest, fifth harvest and yearly total yield. The maximum yearly total yield of flower (2742.91 kg/ha) was obtained from control treatment of irrigation (without irrigation disruption) and 6 l/ha of biological nitrogen. The highest yearly total yield of essential oil (23.95 kg/ha) and the highest percentage of essential oil (1.03 %) belonged to irrigation disruption after first harvest and 9 l/ha of biological nitrogen. In general, biological nitrogen caused in the higher yield of Calendula officinalis in different amounts for production of dried flower and essential oil compared with control treatment.
Authors and Affiliations
Fahime shokrani| Urmia University, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia-Iran., Alireza pirzad| Urmia University, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia-Iran.Urmia University, Department of Medicinal and Industrial Plants, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia- Iran.alirezapirzad@yahoo.com Tel: +98(441)2972399 mobile: 09141471338, Fax: +98(441)2779558, Mohammad Reza zardoshti| Urmia University, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia-Iran., Reza darvishzadeh| Urmia University, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia-Iran.
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP4874
- DOI -
- Views 581
- Downloads 33
Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Quran to Contemporary Psychologists
Early Muslims wrote extensively about human nature and called it Ilm-al Nafs or self-knowledge. In many cases, their works seem to be the original ideas for many modern day psychological theories and practices. What is i...
Experimental study of hydraulic-sediment properties on deltaic sedimentation in reservoirs
In investigation on the process of delta formation and its progress in the reservoir has been conducted. The process depends on hydraulic, sediment, and physical parameters of the reservoir and their associated parameter...
The Study of EADAS Elliptical Steel Damper Function in Seismic Resisting of Steel Frames
The present article seek to investigate the function of elliptical steel damper function in steel frames seismic resisting. The elliptical damper is a kind of earthquake energy dissipater in structure which acts based on...
The relationship between management skills and Effectiveness of management in Sport and Youth Affairs Departments in Semnan province
The current study has been conducted to study the relationship between management skills and Effectiveness of management in Sport and Youth Affairs in Semnan province using an expert point of view. The population for thi...
Towards the space in architecture
The concept of place and space have been studied in philosophy and architecture as two basic and critical issue and a significant portion of the literature is devoted to these two aspects of human thought. In this contex...