Effect of Short-Term Concomitant Use of Polyherbal Mixture on the Bioavailability of HIV Protease Inhibitors and Organ Damage in Rats
Journal Title: Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research - Year 2017, Vol 1, Issue 2
Abstract
Many herbal remedies are used as complementary therapy to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Contrary to the general assumptions that herbal remedies are harmless because of the natural source, many have been found to be toxic. This study seeks to assess the effect of concomitant administration of HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) Atazanavir/ritonavir (Atz/r) and Lopinavir /ritonavir (Lpv/r) with marketed poly-herbal mixture “Goko cleanser herbal mixture (GCHM)”. A modified in vitro study of the release profile of Atz/r and Lpv/r was evaluated using dissolution apparatus II. A 15-day sub-acute toxicity test was carried out with GCHM administered orally at 0.5 mL/kg and 1.5 mL/kg simulating low and high doses, respectively together with either Atz/r (10 mg/kg b.wt) or Lpv/r (5 mg/kg b.wt) to 4-week old Wistar rats. Histopathology of the heart and liver, haematological and biochemical analyses of blood obtained via cardiac puncture was carried out. The presence of the poly herbal formulation reduced the release of both PIs in vitro irrespective of the media used. There was a significant decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P < 0.05) at a dose of 1.5 mL/kg GCHM compared to the control. Photomicrographs of the liver showed evidence of enlarged nuclei and degenerated hepatocytes in the high dose group treated with Atz/r / GCHM. Concomitant administration of the poly-herbal formulation GCHM, alongside PIs adversely affected pharmaceutical availability which may influence the bioavailability of the PIs.
Authors and Affiliations
Margaret O. Ilomuanya
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP349916
- DOI 10.26538/tjnpr/v1i5.6
- Views 115
- Downloads 0
Harnessing the Significance of Natural Products for Diseases and Beyond
Globally, the use of natural products for the management of diseases, as food supplements and nutraceuticals is as old as mankind. The significance of natural products for medicine and health has been extensively explore...
Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella sp. in Water, Sediment and Irrigated Vegetables from Rivers in Ilorin Metropolis, Nigeria
Received 28 April 2018 Revised 23 May 2018 Accepted 28 May 2018 Published online 07 June 2018 The assessment of the incidence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. in irrigated fresh fruits and vegetables, and its nexu...
Evaluation of the Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Properties of the Aqueous Leaf Extract of Camellia sinensis in Oil-induced Hyperlipidemic Rats
Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) has been reported to have numerous health benefits. The present study investigated the lipid-lowering effect and the antioxidant activity of the leaf of Camellia sinensis (CS). Palm oil (PO)...
Contributions of Natural Products to Healthcare
The importance of natural products for medicine and health has been enormous. Since our earliest ancestors chewed on certain herbs to relieve pain, or wrapped leaves around wounds to improve healing, natural products h...
Isolation and Characterisation of Lup-20(29)-en-3β-ol from the Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Bombax costatum pv (Bombacacea)
Bombax costatum, a plant widely distributed in the Sahel savannah of West Africa is well known for its traditional use as a diuretic. This study is aimed at isolation, purification and characterization of phytoconstituen...