Abstract

Purpose:To determine the effectiveness and feasibility of the personal iceberg metaphor model program on self-esteem, self-understanding, and depression among Thai students aged 12-15 years. Methods:A 2-day program using the personal iceberg metaphor model was conducted at a school in the inner-city areas of Bangkok, Thailand. The assessments included the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the self-developed questionnaires about self-understanding and opinions about the program. Descriptive statistics, paired t-tests and chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Results:Most students had better self-esteem and self-understanding after completed the program. The number of students vulnerable to depression was reduced by 60% and none of them developed mood disorder. They had positive attitudes toward the program and wished to participate in the program again. Most results remained similar at 3 months follow-up. Conclusions:The program was effective in improving self-esteem, self-understanding, and prevent mood disorder among adolescents. It is feasible to conduct as a school-based program.

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