Elemental Characterization and Source Identification of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in an Industrial Area of Lagos State, Nigeria
Journal Title: Physical Science International Journal - Year 2017, Vol 16, Issue 2
Abstract
Fine particles (PM2.5) are mainly generated by combustion processes including emissions from motor vehicles, combustion of fossil fuel for power generation and large industrial processes such as ore and metal smelting. They may also include natural emissions such as fine windblown soils, sea spray and smoke from biomass burning. Based on the field study conducted, the concentrations of PM2.5 at the different locations vary with respect to anthropogenic activities. The PM2.5 levels obtained ranged from 14.00 to 32.67 µg/m3 during wet season and 18.67 to 34.67 µg/m3 during dry season. Trace elements especially heavy metals are significant components of PM2.5 in industrial environments. The heavy metals are of particular concern due to their persistence in the environmental media and their human toxicity. The particulate matter concentration was obtained using Casella cel-712 microdust pro-real time dust monitor and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the elemental content. The Enrichment Factor (EF) analysis showed very high enrichment for the elements; Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Na, K, Mg, and Ca in the fine fraction (PM2.5). The Principal Component Analysis explained three common contributing sources of fine particulates (PM2.5) such as entrained soil, sea salt and combustion. Spatial variation was performed and mean concentration of some of the elements in the various locations showed significant difference at P<0.05. Correlation matrix was also determined and some of the elements were strongly correlated while some were not. Seasonal variation for the elemental concentration also revealed that the mean values for some of the elements were statistically significant at P<0.05 for both seasons.
Authors and Affiliations
J. M. Okuo, I. E. Chiedu, B. Anegbe, F. O. Oyibo, W. Ojo
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP321145
- DOI 10.9734/PSIJ/2017/36683
- Views 124
- Downloads 0
Comparison of Intercontinental Aerosols: Desert and Monsoon-Influenced Regions
AIM: This research project was undertaken to compare the optical and physical properties of aerosols at the 0.440 μm, 0.675 μm, 0.870 μm and 1.020 μm spectral wavelengths between desert and monsoon-influenced regions. In...
Quantum Corrections to the Newton’s Law from the Galilean Limit of Quantum Gravity
In this work the author derives the Galilean limit of the quantum gravity obtained by using the hydrodynamic approach. The result shows that the quantum interaction generates, in the limit of weak gravity, a non-zero con...
Influence of Thickness on the Optical Properties of Cadmium Sulphide Thin Film Deposited by Chemical Bath Deposition Technique
Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique from a bath containing Cadmium acetate, ammonium acetate, thiourea and ammonium hydroxide and the bath wa...
Theoretical Computation of Magnetic Flux Density within the Vicinity of Rukpokwu 11 KV Distribution Power Lines
Horizontal conductors used for distribution of electrical power generate magnetic fields around the vicinity of the conductors due to the flow of current. In the absence of a well calibrated magnetometer, theoretical est...
Finding on the Similarity between the Two Empirical Formulas: Temperature Dependence of Volumetric Expansion of Gas and Temperature Dependence of Resistivity of Conductor
This paper finds and examines the similarity between the temperature dependence of volumetric expansion of gases and the temperature dependence of resistance of conductors. In the 1780s, Jacques Charles came to know that...