Environmental factors, oxidative stress and the effects of mutation on Vibrio cholerae
Journal Title: International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Reserach - Year 2014, Vol 2, Issue 6
Abstract
Vibrio cholera is a gram negative, motile, non spore forming, non capsulated, curved or comma shaped rod with rounded or slightly pointed ends, about 1.5-2.4×0.2-0.4µm in size. Vibrio cholera has been isolated from a variety of clinical and environmental samples. The majority of Vibrio cholera strains isolated from the environment are non-01serovars, although 01 serovars have also been observed in areas, where limited outbreaks of cholera have occurred. During last fifty years, cholera has disappeared from most developed countries, but is remerging in many parts of the world in epidemic form, especially in tropical areas. It is possible because Vibrio cholera strains are still mutating. There are about 45 strains in the world (according to WHO, July 2012) but these strains were not mutated within a year, now a day environmental factors are so fluctuating that Vibrio cholera strains are mutating. Different biotic and abiotic factors influence on mutation of Vibrio cholera. Poisonous atmosphere arising from swamps and putrid matters as a source of disease influence the mutation of Vibrio cholera. It is due to wet, poorly drained and raw waste material. Antibiotic resistance among pathogens influences bacterial mutation. In this study when an environmental as well as genetic factor affects spontaneous mutation of Vibrio cholera that either sensitive or resistance to antibiotics then coding property of DNA double helix in replication is changed. Antibiotic resistance arises among bacterial population by endogenous or exogenous mechanism induces spontaneous mutation. Organisms that grow aerobically are exposed to oxidative stress in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) (e.g peroxide, superoxide) that are the unavoidable by products of aerobic respiration. ROSs damages a variety of cellular macromolecules and thus elicits adaptive oxidative stress responses in bacteria intended to permit survival in the presence of this stressor. The present review briefly discusses about environmental factors, oxidative stress and the effects of mutation of Vibrio cholerae.
Authors and Affiliations
Jubilee Hatai, Pamela Banerjee, Beauty Hatai, Sudip K Banerjee
Keywords
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