Estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer - current state of knowledge
Journal Title: Współczesna Onkologia - Year 2005, Vol 9, Issue 9
Abstract
The expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors provides strong and useful predictive factors. As the response to hormonal treatment is closely related to the content of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer, an assessment of the expression of these receptors allows us to predict the response of the cancer cells to hormonal treatment. The expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors is a weak prognostic factor. Statistically significant, positive prognostic effects of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression can only be shown in studies with large numbers of cases. In small or medium scale studies, the prognostic influence of the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors is weak or absent. For almost four decades, the action of estrogens was attributed to one receptor. However, in 1996, a new estrogen receptor, estrogen receptor beta, was discovered. The first, well known and well characterized receptor, described five decades ago, was defined as estrogen receptor alpha. Estrogen receptor beta is encoded by a different gene to estrogen receptor alpha. The progesterone receptor also has two isoforms: A and B. Both progesterone receptors are encoded by the same gene, but different promoters are used for its transcription. The structure of both proteins is very similar. Nowadays, three methods are used for the assessment of the expression of steroid receptor content in breast cancers: the Ligand Binding Assay (LBA), Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) and Immuno Histo/Cytochemical Assay (IHA/ICA). The results of assessments performed with the use of these methods are similar.
Authors and Affiliations
Janusz Piekarski
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP154551
- DOI -
- Views 71
- Downloads 0
cytostatic drugs and their carcinogenicity - occupation risk problem for healthcare workers
Many of cytostatic drugs have mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic properties, with no threshold dose for those effects. These properties make up a potential risk for healthcare workers who are occupationally exposed...
Metaloproteinazy macierzy zewnątrzkomórkowej – charakterystyka biochemiczna i kliniczna wartość oznaczania u chorych na raka piersi
Metaloproteinazy (MMP) stanowią grupę zależnych od cynku endopeptydaz, których podstawową funkcją jest przebudowa składników macierzy zewnątrzkomórkowej. Enzymy te syntetyzowane są w komórkach i uwalniane do przestrzeni...
Rola mikroRNA w patogenezie, diagnostyce i terapii nowotworów
Artykuł ten przedstawia w zarysie aktualny stan wiedzy w zakresie biogenezy, mechanizmu działania oraz funkcji fizjologicznej mikroRNA, niedawno odkrytych, bardzo ważnych regulatorów procesów proliferacji komórek, ich ró...
Clinical utility of complementary measurements standard tumor markers and cytokines in patients with cervical cancer
We aimed to relate the levels of serum tumour markers (CEA, CA 125, CYFRA 21.1) and cytokines (IL-6, VEGF) in cervical cancer patients to the clinicopathologic features of the disease and to estimate the value of these...
Targeted therapy of colorectal cancer - state of the art
The recent development of drugs that target the key components of biologic pathways rendered an improvement in survival in colorectal cancer patients. Two monoclonal antibodies in particular, targeting vascular endotheli...