Ethics and Human Rights in Leibniz’s View
Journal Title: The Journal of Human Rights - Year 2011, Vol 6, Issue 1
Abstract
Human rights in the present world is explained and justified on the basis of humanism. This kind of explanation is based less on natural rights. However, some philosophers and thinkers are searching for Divine and natural sources for human rights. This paper tries to explain one of the traditional theories of the modern philosopher, Leibniz. He tries to show that any right arises from natural rights and this is only possible in the moral life. But the only criterion that can cover both rights and ethics is justice. Justice is a virtue that is superior to other virtues. This kind of justice arises from natural rights which are in turn Devine things. Human rights is measured by this criterion and punishments are imposed and rewards are given by this kind of justice. حقوق انسانی و حقوق بشر در جهان کنونی بر مبنای نگرش انسان مدارانه (Humanism) تبیین و توجیه میشود. این نوع تبیین کمتر بر مبنای حقوق طبیعی است اما برخی از فلاسفه و اندیشمندان به دنبال یافتن منشأیی الهی و طبیعی برای حقوق انسانی بوده‌اند. مقاله حاضر کوشش می‌‌کند یکی از نظریات سنتی لایب نیتس فیلسوف دوران جدید را بیان نماید. لایب نیتس به دنبال این است که ثابت نماید هر نوع حقوقی از حق طبیعی ناشی میشود و این تنها در زندگی اخلاقی امکان پذیر است. اما ملاک و معیاری که بتوان هم اخلاق و هم حقوق را در آن طرح کرد، عدالت است. عدالت فضیلتی است که بر سایر فضایل برتری دارد. این نوع عدالت از حق طبیعی، که امری الهی است، ناشی میشود. حقوق انسان‌ها با این ملاک سنجیده میشود و جزا و پاداش نیز متناسب با این عدالت داده میشود.
Authors and Affiliations
Amrollah Moein
Keywords
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