Fecal Microbial Transplantation and Gastro Intestinal Diseases
Journal Title: Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) - Year 2017, Vol 1, Issue 1
Abstract
Microbiota is “the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic micro organisms that literally share our body space”. All of the bacteria that live inside the human gastrointestinal tract are referred to as the “microbiota”. The intestinal microbiota consists of more than 1000 species. The healthy microbiota has many functions within the gut(mainly in thecolon) as protecting against pathogens, participating in the intake of dietary nutrients, metabolizing certain drugs and carcinogens, influencing the absorption and distribution of fat, synthesis of certain vitamins [1]. Imbalances in the composition of this microbiota can cause intestinal dysfunctions with dysbiosis and chronic disease states. The discovery of antibiotics in the early 20th century had an enormous impact on modern medicine, dramatically reduced mortality associated with infections. However, the emergence of drug – resistant pathogens has occurred due to greater availability and inappropriate use of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture and has become a global health concern. The microbiota of the human gut is a complex ecosystem with the potential to be an enormous reservoir of antibiotic resistance (ABR) genes, known as the ‘gut resistome.’(Willem van Schalk et al. 2015) Antibiotic resistance may arise in a number of different ways, including the accumulation of point mutations and horizontal gene transfer from other bacterial populations to potentially pathogenic bacteria. (Braden Millan et al. 2016). The “keystone pathogen” hypothesis holds that certain low-abundance microbial pathogens can orchestrate inflammatory disease by remodeling a normally benign micro biota into a dysbiotic one. And the (Pathobiont theory)” some commensal species that does not normally elicit an inflammatory response but under particular conditions (typically environmentally induced) has the potential to cause dysregulated inflammation and lead to disease” [2]. The increase in the prevalence and incidence of antibiotic resistant bacteria now presents a severe challenge in the treatment of patients infected with these multidrug-resistant organisms... Following repeated courses of antibiotics, where the diversity of the gut microbiota is reduced, allowing the bacteria containing ABR genes to flourish. This allows for opportunistic pathogens such as Clostridium difficile to colonize and dominate the gut. The long-term outcome of exogenous microbiota transplantation might be a breakthrough for the treatment of resistant pathogens as well other various chronic diseases. (Lederberg J et al. 2001) The potential to manipulate the micro biome, by application of FMT (feacal microbiome transplant) therapy, is now being extensively investigated. Although most of the reports to date, “being uncontrolled case reports and small case series. “The attitude towards this approach “feacal transplant “in medical societies were positive. And satisfactory (Jiang ZD et al. 2013), but there have been some concerns regarding safety and acceptability associated with FMT.
Authors and Affiliations
Aziz Koleilat
Keywords
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- EP ID EP567169
- DOI 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000121
- Views 165
- Downloads 0
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