Financing Innovational and Research Development Activities Before and After the Crisis in Hungary
Journal Title: International Journal of Business and Management Invention - Year 2018, Vol 7, Issue 5
Abstract
The study tries to respond to the question how did the financial crisis of 2007-2008 influence the amount and composition of the expenses of the Hungarian innovational research institutes (company, public financial, non-profit organizational and higher education together). As per my first hypothesis outbreak of the crisis could have induced two different reactions from the financiers of the innovations. One of the possible reactions could be retaining and reducing of the innovation expenses due to the crisis-related dropping demand and lower incomes. The other response could be contrary to the above; namely that choosing a kind of preliminary escape they try to reset and increase their incomes to those before the crisis by increasing their innovation expenses despite the reducing demand. My other hypothesis is that the increased budgetary deficiencies and debts of the member countries of the European Union caused these countries reduce their state innovational expenses. As it is clear from the study this was the case in the state budget of Hungary, but due to the crisis, the Hungarian companies increased their innovational costs. However the innovational expenses stagnate in the member countries of the European Union, as compared to the GDP.
Authors and Affiliations
László Török Phd
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP400561
- DOI -
- Views 92
- Downloads 0
A Study on the Socio-Economic Charateristics of Contract Farmers Associated With Suguna Broilers in Coimbatore District
India with over 60% of its living in villages has not found out alternate livelihood for its rural poor, where farmers live in abject poverty due to frequent failure of monsoon, resulting in crop loss and financial loss....
Impact of bonus payments as part of reward system: A study in Malaysian manufacturing industry
This paper will focus on the change of behavior among the employees in the manufacturing industry in Malaysia due to non-payment of cash bonuses at the end of the year or at the beginning of the new calendar year. We exa...
“Impact of Demonetisation on the Equity Share Prices of Chemical, Pharmecerutical and Cement Industry”
The eve of 8th November 2016 marked a major change in the lives of every citizen of India. The Government banned the 500- and 1000-rupee notes of the country which had a major impact on every nook and corner of the count...
The Effect Of Service Quality And Hospital Image, Patient Trust And Patient Values On Patient Satisfaction And Loyalty In Sakura / Teratai Pavilion Of A.W. Sjahranie Hospital
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of service quality on patient satisfaction, hospital image on patient satisfaction, trust influences patient satisfaction, patient value influences patient satisfaction...
The Impact Of Some Contributing Factors For Employee Retention In Indian IT Sector – A Study On Select IT Companies
Employee Retention is always a key factor and the biggest challenge that has got multi facet way of dealing within the organisations based on strategies that are followed by the organisations. There are certain factors i...