Functional disorders of the masticatory organ: etiology and symptoms
Journal Title: Rehabilitacja Medyczna - Year 2005, Vol 9, Issue 1
Abstract
The paper presents a review of the literature on the functional system disorders of the masticatory organ. Anatomical structures and physiological functional mechanisms of the system were described. General and regional factors responsible for functional disorders as well as pathological structural changes of the temporomandibular joint were discussed. The current findings show that the changes are accompanied by both objective and subjective symptoms which can occur not only in the masticatory organ but also in the area of face, head hearing and sight organs, neck, nape, acromial belt as well as in some remote regions of the motor system. The specific character of disturbances results from jaw functions, i.e. a system of jaw movements in three dimensions, jaw joints with ligaments, muscles and occlusion. In many patients disturbances within this organ may occur without clinical symptoms. Very often the organism reaches the so-called limits of adaptation but further negative impact may put the whole system out of order. The patient with acute symptoms of the chewing organ disturbances diagnostics and therapy may become a real problem for a medical team. Untreated or ignored functional disturbance may develop into mioathropathy with exagerated pain. One third of teenagers and over half of adults show the first symptoms of the discussed disturbances. They include crackles in jaw joints, deflection of jaw in central line while opening the mouth, pain during palpation examination of joints and muscles of the chewing organ. The main cause of disturbances is, first of all, a traumatizing occlusion, but also malfunctions and parafunctions of the chewing organ. The lack of balance in the load of muscular system, especially for a longer period of time, causes asymmetrical structural changes in joints. There is a rule supported by the research: the fewer teeth, the bigger disturbance. Therefore, an exact functional analysis is necessary to make a correct diagnosis.
Authors and Affiliations
Grzegorz Kogut, Andrzej Kwolek
Keywords
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