Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP NET) - discussion around terminology and classification
Journal Title: Gastroenterology Review - Year 2006, Vol 1, Issue 1
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumours of the gastroenteropancreatic tract (GEP/NETs) represent a rare and heterogenous group of tumors. Firstly, Oberndorfer in 1907 introduced the term “carcinoid” to describe a group of ileal tumors with a distinct clinical and morphological features. In 1963, Williams and Sandler classified gut endocrine tumors based on their ontogenic origin into foregut (stomach, pancreas, duodenum and upper jejunum), midgut (lower jejunum, ileum, appendix, caecum) and hindgut (colon, rectum). In 1980, the WHO classification of endocrine tumors applied the term carcinoid to all tumors of the diffuse neuroendocrine system, excluding pancreatic endocrine tumor (islet cell tumor), medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, paraganglioma, small cell lung carcinoma and Merkel cell tumor of the skin. Finally, the term “carcinoid” was replace by the term “neuroendocrine tumors” for the designation of the totality of neoplasms with neuroendocrine features. In 2000, the new classification with follow comparable guidelines for GEP NETs was proposed. The first principle is that the tumor are distinguish according to the site of origin. The neuroendocrine differentiation of tumor cells is accept by the immunohistochemical neuroendocrinal markers as synaptophysin and chromogranin. The next principle is that the tumors are separate into groups according to histopathological parameters and behaviour. The classification distinguish well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors with benign behaviour, well differentiated neuroendocrine tumors with uncertain behaviour, well differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (low grade malignant), poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (high grade malignant). The criteria for these separations are the tumors histological differentiated, size, Ki67 index, extension into surrounding tissues, angio-and perineural invasion.
Authors and Affiliations
Anna Nasierowska-Guttmejer, Małgorzata Malinowska
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP118335
- DOI -
- Views 170
- Downloads 0
Leczenie chirurgiczne choroby Leśniowskiego-Crohna o lokalizacji krętniczo-kątniczej rozpoznanej w trakcie appendektomii
Choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna stanowi nadal poważne wyzwanie dla lekarzy różnych specjalności, w tym chirurgów. W artykule omówiono zasady postępowania chirurgicznego u chorych z chorobą Leśniowskiego-Crohna zlokalizowaną...
Endometrioza – czy może przybrać maskę choroby Leśniowskiego-Crohna? Opis przypadku
Według definicji endometrioza to obecność endometrialnych gruczołów i podścieliska poza jamą macicy. Ekotopowe ogniska endometriozy są głównie zlokalizowane w miednicy małej, ale mogą występować w wielu innych lokaliza...
Photodynamic therapy in palliative treatment of esophageal cancer
Introduction: Esophageal carcinoma has poor prognosis and five years survival is reached only in 10% of patients. Surgery is the present standard of treatment, but palliative therapy can be only applied in most of pati...
Infekcyjne zapalenia jelit a choroba Leśniowskiego-Crohna – problemy diagnostyczne i terapeutyczne
Podobieństwo w obrazie klinicznym choroby Leśniowskiego-Crohna oraz infekcyjnych zapalnych chorób jelit, zwłaszcza jersiniozy, może być przyczyną trudności diagnostycznych, a w konsekwencji nieskuteczności stosowanego le...
Autoimmune pancreatitis - case report, diagnostic, treatment
Autoimmune pacreatitis is a rare disorder with presumed autoimmune etiology that is associated with characteristic clinical, histological, and morphologic findings. We report a case a 32-years old female with AIP and dis...