GROWING POTATOES IN SHORT-TERM CROP ROTATION OF VARIOUS FERTILIZER SYSTEMS
Journal Title: Наукові доповіді НУБіП України - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 5
Abstract
The research of influence of various fertilizer systems with compensation of soil nutrient elements due to organic fertilizers, plant residues and short-term crop rotation cedar seedlings on potato productivity allows us to find a better crop fertilization system for growing crops. The got results have practical character for the further use in production. Potato together with the harvest take away a large amount of nutrients from the soil, as a result, it prompts the use of excessive amounts of fertilizers, which has a mixed effect on the yield: on one side it is possible to gather a larger harvest, and on the other - the resulting potato tubers have a lower content of dry matter and starch, as well as a high amount of nitrates. Scientists have found that the fertilizer system that is able to provide potatoes with sufficient nutrients throughout the entire vegetation is considered to be the best. This necessity can be satisfied either by a combination of organic and mineral fertilizers, or with organic fertilizers, namely manure, or siderates, which would contribute not only to the increase yields, but also a gradual fertility-improving of soil. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of different fertilizer systems with the compensation of soil nutrients due to organic fertilizers, plant residues and siderates on the productivity of potatoes in short-term crop rotation and to determine the best fertilizer system for the crop. We have developed and created fertilizer systems with compensation of soil nutrients due to organic fertilizers, plant residues and siderates that can increase the yield of crop rotation crops and promote the reproduction of soil fertility. Therefore, on the ground of the experimental field of the Zhytomyr National Agroecological University Chernyahovsky district of the Zhytomyr region, an appropriate experiment was laid down, which included short-term crop rotation and 6 variants of fertilizer systems. Among them were: the control variant, the organic system (manure), the organo-mineral system 50:50, the organo-mineral system 75:25, the organic system (siderates), the mineral system. Crop yields were investigated according to generally accepted methods. According to the results of our research, one can observe the following trends. 2014, which was characterized by a sufficient moisture content, compared to the previous year, was the most productive since nutrients contained in fertilizers were better absorbed by plants. And in 2015, it was characterized by a dry vegetation period, a little favorable for the culture of fertilizers, as well as for the growth and development of potatoes. It can be noted that fertilizer systems, which have both organic and mineral, have the highest productivity, as compared with the control variant. In 2013, the organoleptic system was 50:50 and the organic-mineral system was 75:25, according to the performance indicators. In 2014, the best yields were observed after the use of organo-mineral systems 50:50 and 75:25, which were higher than in the control version, respectively, by 73.21% and 77.05%, as well as after the use of the mineral system ( on 70,59%). In 2015, due to the drought in the second half of the vegetation, there were low yields. The largest ones were after the organic system (manure) and the mineral system. Deviation from control indicators was 30.75% and 24.88% respectively. But the smallest yield still remained in the control variant. We found some correlation between the indicators of the structure of the potato crop and the fertilizer variants. Thus, the percentage of potato fraction weighing 80 g was the largest in variants with the mineral system, the organo-mineral system 50:50 and the organic system (manure) and accounted for 65%, 63% and 61%, respectively, by 15%, 13% and 11% was higher than in the control version. In the second place, potatoes of a large fraction in the form of an organo-mineral system of 75:25 and organic system (siderate), an increase of its amount by 3% and 1% compared with the control variant. In the second place, the number of potatoes of the middle fraction was a system with organic fertilizer with manure, organo-mineral fertilizer 50:50 and 75:25, it varied from 39-47%. Weather conditions and fertilizers also affect on the quality of potatoes. One of the main qualitative indicators is the content of dry matter, starch and ascorbic acid. From these indicators, the economic, taste and technological properties of potatoes, as well as the damage of tubers by harmful organisms and regenerative processes, which are characteristic of potato tubers, depend on. Potato cultivation with the use of organo-mineral systems of 50:50 and 75:25, as well as the mineral system can give quite high indexes of ascorbic acid content (22,4 - 22,6%), starch (14,3 - 14,6%) and dry matter (21,0 – 21,3%). Thanks to the use of these fertilizer systems, potatoes are less likely to be harmed by harmful organisms and better regenerative processes, which is also characteristic of potatoes in areas with organic fertilizer systems (manure and siderate), where its quality is low. Thus the fertilizer systems have a significant impact on the productivity of potatoes. On average, over three years, the best crop yields were obtained where the organic system (manure) was used, with 28.9 t / ha of potato collected, which is 42% more than in the control version. So good performance was observed after the organo-mineral system 75:25, where the difference with the control variant - 51% more. The qualitative parameters of the potato were: starch – 14,1 - 14,3%, ascorbic acid content - 21,6 - 22,4%, dry matter - 20,7 - 21,4%. The obtained results indicate that organic fertilizer (manure) has the most flexible influence on the productivity of culture as a whole, and there is possibility not only to get high harvests exactly at this system, but also qualitative products as a result, which is not, as if appreciated in practice, in production.
Authors and Affiliations
T. Gnatiuk
Keywords
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- EP ID EP419393
- DOI 10.31548/dopovidi2018.05.016
- Views 69
- Downloads 0
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