Growth and macro and micronutrients concentration in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) as influenced by salinity and nitrogen rates
Journal Title: International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences - Year 2012, Vol 3, Issue 4
Abstract
Salinity and nitrogen (N) deficiency are growth limiting factors for most plants including spinach in arid and semiarid areas. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity levels and N rates on growth and concentration of macro and micronutrients in spinach aerial parts. Treatments included four salinity levels 0 (S0), 1000 (S1), 2000 (S2) and 3000 (S3) mg NaCl kg-1 of soil and five N rates 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 mg N kg-1 of soil as urea. Results showed that shoot dry matter yield (DMY) of spinach decreased at S3 compared to those of S0, S1 and S2. Increasing N rates up to 225 mg kg-1 significantly increased DMY. Addition of NaCl increased concentrations of N, phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl), but decreased those of potassium (K), iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) in spinach aerial parts. Increasing NaCl levels, at 300 mg N rate, increased concentration of calcium (Ca) but decreased that of manganese (Mn) in spinach shoot. Application of N rates increased concentration of N, Ca, Mg, Cu and Na in spinach shoot. Iron concentration decreased in shoot at 75 mg N level compared to that of control. Application of N up to 150 mg significantly increased Mn concentration, while decreased that of Cl in spinach shoot. Detrimental effects of salinity at S3 level on the reduction of DMY increased at 225 and 300 mg N rates compared to lower rates of N and salinity. Spinach is considered as a moderately salt sensitive leafy vegetable that tolerance threshold is 2 dS m-1, however; our results indicated that tolerance threshold for Virofly cultivar was at least 8 dS m-1, therefore, it might be considered as a moderately salt tolerant spinach cultivar. In conclusion, over fertilization of N aggravated detrimental effect of salinity on the growth of spinach.
Authors and Affiliations
Jamal Sheikhi*| Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.Email: sheikhi.jamal@yahoo.com, Abdolmajid Ronaghi| Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP4971
- DOI -
- Views 470
- Downloads 26
Target Tracking Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks
A wireless sensor network consists of many tiny sensor nodes that can be used for collecting and processing of environmental information. One of the most important applications of wireless sensor networks is detect and t...
Studying the Relationship between the Runoff, Precipitation, and Basin Flow Index in Wave Basin of Marg River in Mahidasht using S.C.S Method
This study is aimed at evaluating loss methods affecting the runoff volume and hydrograph shape produced resulting from effective hydrological methods. Here, the effective parameters in the volume of runoff and were stud...
Relationship between spiritual intelligence and religious (Spiritual) coping among students of Payame Noor University (PNU)
In order to find out the relationship between spiritual Intelligence and religious coping among the students of Payame Noor University (PNU) of Ardebil a study was done among about 8000 students studying in the second se...
The Relationship between Forward Shoulder Posture and Self Esteem in Non-athlete Female Students of Tehran University
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between forward shoulder and self esteem in female students. In order to do so, researchers used Coopersmith self esteem inventory (questionnaire) as well a...
The study of relationship between earnings management and the issuance of Bonds and rent Exchange in companies listed in capital Market of Iran
In the present research we have investigated about the relationship between earnings management and the issuance of bonds and rent exchange in firms present in capital market of Iran. First we used Pearson's correlation...