HAEMATOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS ACCOMPANYING FALCIPARUM AND VIVAX MALARIA- A STUDY FROM A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN NORTH-EAST INDIA
Journal Title: Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences - Year 2018, Vol 7, Issue 39
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria poses a major health issue in some of the most populated areas of the world in spite of intensive efforts to reduce its transmission. Malaria causing plasmodia are parasites of blood and hence Plasmodium infection expectedly induces haematological alterations. The aim of the study is to evaluate and determine the various haematological alterations associated with malaria and their differences in cases of falciparum and vivax malaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a clinical haematology section of the Department of Pathology in a tertiary teaching hospital during the period of one year. This study was undertaken in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North East India. The laboratory confirmed cases over a period of one year were included in the study. Giemsa stained thick and thin films were used for the diagnosis of malaria and species identification. Complete blood count was done using Sysmex 5-part analyser and peripheral blood smear was studied. ESR was determined manually in all the cases. The smears that showed malarial parasites were further studied for confirmation and identification of species. Smears were also reviewed for adequacy of platelets count and other haematological changes. RESULTS Results from the study showed 53 (75.7%) cases of P. falciparum, 15 (21.4%) cases of P. vivax and 2 cases (2.9%) had mixed infection. The male-female ratio was 3.1:1; 41.4% cases showed anaemia with haemoglobin level below 10 g/dL. Incidence of anaemia with haemoglobin below 10 g/dL was slightly higher in P. falciparum malaria (41.5%) than P. vivax malaria (40.0%). ESR above 20 mm AEFH was observed in 32.8% (23/70) of the total malarial cases. Leucopenia (below 4000/µL) was observed in 8 (11.4%) out of total 70 cases and leucocytosis (above 11,000/ µL) was seen in 4 patients (5.7%) out of 70 cases. All 4 patients were having falciparum malaria. Relative lymphocytosis was seen in total 75.4% cases of falciparum malaria and 80% cases of vivax malaria. Monocytosis was found in 27.1% of malaria cases and eosinophil counts were normal in all the studied cases. Thrombocytopenia was noted in 45.7% (32/ 70) of cases in our study, out of which 54.7% had falciparum malaria. CONCLUSION Various haematological findings can help in early diagnosis of malaria, which enables the clinician to provide appropriate treatment in a timely manner. When used in combination with other clinical and microscopic findings these parameters could improve diagnosis of malaria, thereby helps in preventing the occurrence of major complications in these patients.
Authors and Affiliations
Pranita Medhi, Niva Rani Dutta, Swagata Dowerah
Keywords
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- EP ID EP548156
- DOI 10.14260/jemds/2018/956
- Views 79
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