Heavy Metals (As, Cd & Pb) Toxicity & Detection of These Metals in Ground Water Sample: A Review on Different Techniques
Journal Title: International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention - Year 2018, Vol 7, Issue 1
Abstract
The main threats to living world are associated with the exposure to heavy metals like cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg). Even though adverse effect due to heavy metals is known, still exposure continues the same in most of the developed and developing countries. Cadmium (Cd) found in low concentration in rocks, coal and petroleum, enters the groundwater and surface water through industrial discharge, metal painting and causes high blood pressure, liver and kidney damage and anaemia. Lead (Pb) enters environment from industry, mining and affects red blood cell chemistry, delays normal physical and mental development in babies and young children, increase in blood pressure in some adults. Exposure to the arsenic (As) is mainly through food and drinking water and causes the high risk of cancer of lung, skin, bladder and kidney, skin lesions such as hyperkeratosis and pigmentation changes. Therefore, this research review the general description of the occurrence of cadmium (Cd), lead(Pb) and arsenic (As) in environment, their toxicity and measure techniques for speciation analysis. The commercial Kit method, differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry are the most powerful methods for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) speciation in environmental and biological matrices. These methods provide strong reliability on understanding of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) metabolism and biological cycling.
Authors and Affiliations
Miss. Tapasi Bhattacharjee, Mrs. Mousumi Goswami
Keywords
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