Hepatitis C Virus E1 Protein Enhances Macrophage iNOS Expression In-vitro
Journal Title: Journal of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology - Year 2024, Vol 5, Issue 2
Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a key cytokine in the adaptive immune response that is primarily secreted from CD4+ T helper cells to induce Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cell response against HCV infection. IFN-γ activates macrophages in the liver resulting in inhibition of viral replication and increased NO production. HCV-infected macrophages are major producers of NO in the liver. It is not completely understood how HCV proteins affect iNOS expression and what the role of IFN-γ is in HCV protein expression in HCV-infected macrophages. Objective: Evaluate hepatitis C virus proteins’ regulation of IFN-γ-activated macrophage cell line. Methods: RAW-264.7 cells were seeded in 6 well-plates and transfected with HCV protein expressing plasmids using lipofectamine. After treating with IFN-γ, we determined the iNOS and HCV core, NS5A and E1 protein expression with immunoblotting. Results: Consistent with other studies, HCV core and NS5A proteins induced iNOS expression in macrophages. Moreover, HCV E1 protein-enhanced iNOS expression is highest in the presence and absence of IFN-γ activation. Conclusion: These results indicate that hepatitis C virus core, NS5A, E1 protein regulates iNOS protein expression in IFN-γ-activated and resting macrophage cell lines. These findings point to a future research direction for understanding the pathogenesis of HCV-related liver inflammation.
Authors and Affiliations
Batkhishig Munkhjargal1,2, Bilguun Enkhtuvshin1,2, Uranbileg Ulziisaikhan1,2, Baljinnyam Tuvdenjamts3, Khulan Unurbuyan1,3, Dolgorsuren Sandagdorj4, Tuul Baasandalai1, Lkhagvasuren Damdindorj5, Baasansuren Enkhjargal1, Ulziisaikhan Batmunkh1, Batbaatar Gunchin1, Tsogtsaikhan Sandag1, Bilegtsaikhan Tsolmon1, Gansukh Choijilsuren1* , Enkhsaikhan Lkhagvasuren1,6*
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP740924
- DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.46889/JCIM.2024.5206
- Views 20
- Downloads 0
Repurposing Donepezil to Treat COVID-19: A Call for Retrospective Analysis of Existing Patient Datasets
We hypothesize that patients treated with donepezil will show decreased risk of death following COVID-19 infection. The acetylcholinesterase antagonist donepezil is widely prescribed for early-stage Alzheimer’s disease...
Night Meals to Pay Bills: An Immunological Innovation
This objective of this policy opinion article was to address a perspective if chrono-eating can help prevent immunodeficiency diseases by optimizing circadian rhythms of nutrient assimilation and metabolism. In the moder...
Spectroscopic Detections of Viral Infections and Their Cure with the Found Frequencies
In the ongoing pandemic, it is important to know that sick cellular culture can influence healthy cellular culture from a distance and make the healthy culture sick. The Russian scientist A.G. Gurvich first observed an...
The Spheroid Smarting- Glomus Tumour
Glomus tumour is benign, perivascular hamartoma arising from glomus apparatus or a mesenchymal neoplasm essentially comprised of modified smooth muscle cells, also termed as glomangioma, glomangiomyoma or glomangiomato...
Mycobacterial Infection in Children at the Chu Hospital Du Mali: A Series of 12 Cases
Introduction: Mycobacterial infections include infections with M. tuberculosis complex, M. leprae, and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Mycobacteria can cause a wide variety of infection. Diagnosis of these infections is...