Hepatitis E: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges
Journal Title: Archives of Hepatitis Research - Year 2017, Vol 3, Issue 1
Abstract
HEV infection may be symptomatic or asymptomatic that has affected about one-third of world population with a case fatality rate of 1-2%, including 20-30% of infected pregnant women [3-5]. Though inherently hepatotropic causing fulminant liver failure and cirrhosis, HEV has recently evolved with extra hepatic manifestations where biochemical/serological evidence of infection is often modest or absent [6-8]. HEV is a non-enveloped virus with a positive single-strand RNA genome (~7.2 kb) with three partially overlapped open reading frames (ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3) [9]. Of the several recognized genotypes, HEV1 and HEV2 are known to infect humans only while HEV3, HEV4 and HEV7 are infectious to humans and other mammalian species, such as swine, boar and dear [10]. On the other hand, genotypes HEV5 and HEV6 have been detected in animals only, and their transmission to humans are not established [10]. Further, while HEV1 is endemic in Asia and Middle East, HEV2 is prevalent in African and South American countries. Contrarily, HEV3 and HEV4 are less pathogenic, and are mainly confined to Eastern Asian countries, Eastern and Western Europe, and North America [2]. Notably, in the Western countries, autochthonous HEV3 infection is attributed to sporadic cases of acute hepatitis, potentially linked to pork consumption [2].
Authors and Affiliations
Parvez Mohammad K
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP559375
- DOI 10.17352/ahr.000009
- Views 49
- Downloads 0
Management of Hepatitis C Infection with Direct Action Antiviral Drugs (DAA)**
Several new direct action antiviral drugs (DAA) against the HCV virus (HCV) are approved and marketed. The combination of DAA with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PR) is only recommended to patients with tolerance to...
Accidentally discovered Portal Vein Thrombosis before Splenectomy due to Hypersplenism - The role of Thrombogenic Genes Polymorphisms
Portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis may be due neoplastic growth invading portal vein or due to non-neoplastic causes. The indications for treating PVT in cirrhotic individuals are difficult to be est...
Occupational Hazard (Hepatitis B & C)
Hepatitis B and C are considered as an important health hazard among health care workers (HCWs). These blood borne infections can be transmitted either from HCW to a patient or vice-versa. Both viruses are known to cause...
Sarcoidosis-Lymphoma Syndrome presenting by severe Cholestatic Hepatitis
Severe cholestatic hepatitis is an uncommon presentation of either sarcoidosis or Hodgkin lymphoma. Sarcoidosis lymphoma syndrome is a rare disorder with sarcoidosis heralding the onset of lymphoma. Here we report a case...
Hepatic histological comparison between Acute Self-limiting Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E
Background: Histological findings of the liver in acute liver injury are basically affected by degree of liver damage. However, the differences in liver histology between acute self-limiting hepatitis A (AH-A) and hepati...