HISTORICAL and POLITICAL EVOLUTION of INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS: ESSENCE, LAWS OF DEVELOPMENT, TYPES
Journal Title: Вісник Національного юридичного університету імені Ярослава Мудрого. Серія: філософія, філософія права, політологія, соціологія - Year 2016, Vol 2, Issue 29
Abstract
In the article essence of the «international system» opens up as a frame of society of the special type, having character of oligopoly, weak institutes and considerable political and economic autonomy of internal elements of whole. In the modern understanding already it is not possible to examine international relations exceptionally, as political. Approach of the systems determines the international phenomena, processes, subjects and events, as constantly interactive, such that always complex caused many factors and reasons. A traditional historical paradigm utillizes a concept «international system» anymore for denotation of diplomatic relations between the states in a certain period of history in the separate regions of the world. In the paradigm of political realism M. Kaplan created conception: that beginning from a ХVІІІ item the global systems which due to «balance of powers» kept the main quality – stability began in international relations to be formed, but also changed historically. Approach of the systems allows to interpret essence of the international systems of contemporaneity through determination of them main features. The first, social feature of the international system is co-operations of people, which follow will, consciousness, certain identity, valued and political orientations in the actions. Second specific line – them weak institutes, absence of higher power, informal hierarchies and functions and «pluralism of sovereignties». Third, the spatial limits of the international systems carry conditional character. Fourth, the kernel of the global international system of always is the system of intergovernmental relations, because international relations are mostly political. And fifth, is a degree of autonomy of nation-states it does not follow to absolutize in the system, because international relations are not only a competition of interests, conflicts but also interdependence of actors, especially at the terms of globalization. Laws of development of the international system are the objective, proof, repeated copulas, which objectively operate and show unity and dynamism of the international political phenomena of world evolution. Consider dependence of conduct of actors the general act of development of the international systems on structural descriptions of the system. Next conformity to the law is a law of equilibrium of the international systems, or law of «balance of powers», that allows in different epoches to keep relative stability of the system. Transformations in international relations characterize the action of law of dependence between polarization and stability of the international system. To our opinion, it follows to acknowledge operate a law from the specific of transition from one as an international system to other: by world wars, revolutions, restorations, conflicts and others like that. Existence of laws of development of the international system allows to examine it as a result of acceptance the nation-states of political, economic and ideological «status quo» in the international arena. The variety of the international systems during human civilization stimulated in a ХХ item development of scientific problem from the analysis of their types. In a historical paradigm widespread is a selection of the traditional (primitive) and modernized political systems, both national and world format. On the basis of geopolitical criteria select the planetary international system and it regional systems (components of planetary); and the structural elements of regional is are sub-regional subsystems. So, widely known in the theory of political realism is createddifferent types, which divided the international systems into bipolar, multiarctic, equivalent and empire. M. Kaplan characterizes a specific and factors of stability of the global systems – planetary system of «balance of powers», that existed from a ХVІІІ item, and «free bipolar system» which was folded in the world after ІІ World war. Politolog Ch. F. Endreyn carried out the comparative analysis of the political systems of the world regions, examining them as a method of «production politician» and introduction of political decisions. Selected the base types of the political systems: 1) folk (pedigree); 2) bureaucratic authoritarian; 3) elite mobilizational; 4) system of consent. In the end, the different types of the international systems prove that the mightiest states (or their unions) prevail in any of them, between them there is a proof type of external relations, that a world oligopoly is.
Authors and Affiliations
Людмила Миколаївна Герасіна
Keywords
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- EP ID EP184553
- DOI 10.21564/2075-7190.29.70975
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