HISTORY OF LOAN WORDS IN ENGLISH. SOURCES OF LOANS. CALQUES. PERIODICAL STATES OF ENGLISH VOCABULARY
Journal Title: World Science - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 5
Abstract
The long documented history of English includes contact with languages in a variety of contexts, including: the dissemination of Christian culture in Latin in Anglo-Saxon England, and the interactions of French, Latin, Scandinavian, Celtic, and English during the Middle Ages; exposure to languages throughout the world during the colonial era; and the effects of using English as an international language of science. The causal rich variety of the English vocabulary appertains the vast number of words it has taken from other languages. The purpose of the current article is to analyze the ways and the reasons of loan words and borrowings being adopted from other languages. It is ubiquitous fact that when two languages congregate together, words are borrowed from one language to another. Lexical borrowings, or loanwords, are by far the most commonly attested language contact phenomenon. Invariably, in a borrowing situation the first foreign elements to enter the borrowing language are words,” and, based on a cross-linguistic survey of lexical borrowings. Loanwords are studied from many different standpoints, touching upon different subfields of linguistics, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, and semantics, as well as sociolinguistics and historical linguistics. Loanwords are not only recognized as the most common of language contact phenomena but also occupy an important position in general linguistics due to the evidence they bring to our understanding of the grammatical structure of language and to the theory of language change and historical linguistics. "Loan" and "borrowing" are of course metaphors, because there is no literal lending process. There is no transfer from one language to another, and no "returning" words to the source language. They simply come to be used by a speech community that speaks a different language from the one they originated in. Borrowings are the consequences of cultural interaction between two language communities. The actual process of borrowing is complex and involves many usage events.
Authors and Affiliations
Gulshan Cumshudova
Keywords
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