Hypothyroidism and cardiovascular system
Journal Title: Postępy Nauk Medycznych - Year 2012, Vol 25, Issue 11
Abstract
Thyroid hormones can influence the cardiovascular system acting through changes in genes transcriptions of the heart contractile proteins, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca<sup>2+</sup>t-ATP-ase, sodium-potasium ATP-ase, phospholamban and through direct influence on ion channels activity. Thyroid hormones stimulate cardiac contractility directly and indirectly through diminishing systemic vascular resistance, modulating adrenergic tone and increasing blood volume. Hypothyroid patients typically develop diastolic and systolic heart insufficiency, increased systemic vascular resistance, diastolic hypertension, pericardial and pleural effusion, hypercholesterolemia. They have an increased risk of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease and stroke. Thyroid replacement therapy can reverse the majority of these disturbances. Low T<sub>3 </sub>syndrome is the often observed phenomenon an cardiac infarct, congestive heart failure and after heart surgery. It leads to the same changes an cardiac functions as does primary hypothyroidism. T<sub>3 </sub>intravenous therapy might improve cardiac function in some of this situations.
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Małgorzata Gietka-Czernel
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