Ice conditions affecting passage of Polish vessels convoy though the NSR in 1956. Long-term ice forecasts and passage strategies
Journal Title: TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation - Year 2018, Vol 12, Issue 1
Abstract
The goal of the study was to examine ice cover conditions that accompanied the passage of convoy of seven Polish vessels from Europe to the Far East in year 1956, which initiated an international commercial shipping transit. Several different sources of information on the state of ice cover in the Arctic were used in this study. Ice conditions (decisive for ability of a merchant vessel or icebreaker to cross the route) during the following navigational seasons in most of the NSR areas showed extremely divergent results - from the most favorable to the most difficult and vice versa. Existing in years 1940-1957 ice cover conditions and shipbuilding technologies did not guarantee a successful transit passage in one navigation season. The Soviet Union used icebreakers that were not able to lead vessels in heavy ice conditions that occurred in 1950s. The NSR Administration used passive strategy ? waiting for improvement of ice conditions - instead of forcing heavy ice. Passive strategy of navigation through the NSR included wintering and continuation of passage next year when ice conditions improved. Annual variability of ice conditions approximated by third degree polynomial line showed trends well. However, the high annual anomalies of ice conditions in relation to trend line did not allow for effective forecasts on particular sections of the NSR in next navigation season.
Authors and Affiliations
Tadeusz Pastusiak
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP276472
- DOI 10.12716/1001.12.01.11
- Views 82
- Downloads 0
A Research on Concept of Ship Safety Domain
This study presents the results of the content analysis of articles related to "Ship Safety Do-main". The content and statistical analysis of 44 articles that published in 21 different journals between 1970 and 2016 were...
Study Reliability of the Information About the CPA and TCPA Indicated by the Ship's AIS
According to the IMO recommendation when the target data from AIS and radar tracking are both available and the association criteria are fulfilled such that the AIS and radar information are considered as for one physica...
The Concept of Time in Navigation
The article discusses the concept of time in navigation, especially in marine navigation, as well as selected time measures, among others: Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), Universal Time Coordinated (UTC), International Atomic...
Ship Emission Inventories in Estuary of the Yangtze River Using Terrestrial AIS Data
Estuary forms a transition zone between inland river and open sea. In China, the estuary of the Yangtze River plays a vital role in connecting the inland and oversea shipping, and witnesses heavy vessel traffic in the re...
Evaluation of Navigation System Accuracy Indexes for Deviation Reading from Average Range
The method for estimating the mean of square error, kurtosis and error correlation coefficient for deviations from the average range of three navigation parameter indications from the outputs of three information sensors...