Ice conditions affecting passage of Polish vessels convoy though the NSR in 1956. Long-term ice forecasts and passage strategies
Journal Title: TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation - Year 2018, Vol 12, Issue 1
Abstract
The goal of the study was to examine ice cover conditions that accompanied the passage of convoy of seven Polish vessels from Europe to the Far East in year 1956, which initiated an international commercial shipping transit. Several different sources of information on the state of ice cover in the Arctic were used in this study. Ice conditions (decisive for ability of a merchant vessel or icebreaker to cross the route) during the following navigational seasons in most of the NSR areas showed extremely divergent results - from the most favorable to the most difficult and vice versa. Existing in years 1940-1957 ice cover conditions and shipbuilding technologies did not guarantee a successful transit passage in one navigation season. The Soviet Union used icebreakers that were not able to lead vessels in heavy ice conditions that occurred in 1950s. The NSR Administration used passive strategy ? waiting for improvement of ice conditions - instead of forcing heavy ice. Passive strategy of navigation through the NSR included wintering and continuation of passage next year when ice conditions improved. Annual variability of ice conditions approximated by third degree polynomial line showed trends well. However, the high annual anomalies of ice conditions in relation to trend line did not allow for effective forecasts on particular sections of the NSR in next navigation season.
Authors and Affiliations
Tadeusz Pastusiak
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP276472
- DOI 10.12716/1001.12.01.11
- Views 96
- Downloads 0
Analysis of the Existing Parameters of the Ports Entrances in the World in Terms of Their Design
This article aims to analyse the statistical parameters of waterways forming the entrance to the port and the construction of a model for determining the optimum parameters of the entrance to the port. It has been analyz...
The Safety Level Analysis of the SWIM System in Air Traffic Management
Safety level analysis is included in the paper in context of SWIM system in air traffic management. The example is given. It examines the limitations and drawbacks of current ICT systems used for air traffic management....
Indirect Encoding in Neuroevolutionary Ship Handling
In this paper the author compares the efficiency of two encoding schemes for artificial intelligence methods used in the neuroevolutionary ship maneuvering system. This may be also be seen as the ship handling system tha...
Conception of EGNOS Integrity Data Utilization in ENC Systems
The paper presents the processing of EGNOS integrity data received either directly from the satellite network or the Sisnet internet relay. Relationship between the individual frames in EGNOS messages has been described....
Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Game Control Strategies of the Ship in Collision Situation
The paper introduces the positional cooperative and non-cooperative game of a greater number of met ships for the description of the process considered as well as for the synthesis of optimal control strategies of the ow...