Identification, Prevention and Management of Risks Associated With Hepatic Encephalopathy -A Review
Journal Title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research - Year 2010, Vol 2, Issue 12
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric complication of either acute or chronic hepatic insufficiency. Aim was to analyze the precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy and to determine therapeutic approach for treatment of HE. A retrospective study was carried out in Sir Ganga Raam Hospital, Mayo Hospital and Jinnah Hospital Lahore from 15 June 2010 to 15 July 2010. 30 admitted patients having hepatic encephalopathy were probed into for precipitating factors, based on history, clinical examination and laboratory methods. Upper GI Bleeding (90%), Constipation (86.67%) and Infection (83.33%) stood out as the most common risk factors. Other common associations were hepatic disorder (80%), Ascites (46.67%), Electrolyte imbalance (80%), renal disorder (76.67%), and high mortality rate (63.33%). 11 patients recovered and were discharged while 19 patients expired. Majority of patients expired were in Grade III and IV of Hepatic encephalopathy. Prophylactic use of beta-blockers and nitrates along with prompt control of infection and prevention of constipation by laxatives needs to be given importance. Sedatives and diuretics should be use carefully. There is a definite need for health education in patients with cirrhosis regarding the risk of HE and its precipitating factors and a proper advice to them that can be best delivered by the Pharmacist.
Authors and Affiliations
Hina Yasmeen , Wafa Batool Shah , Khawaja Tahir Mehmood
Keywords
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