Impact of smoking on vascular endothelium
Journal Title: Applied Physiology and Anatomy Digest - Year 2018, Vol 2, Issue 4
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the world’s largest killers. Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the leading preventable cause of coronary artery disease. Endothelial dysfunction is a systemic disorder which is critical element in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic diseases and its complications. A noninvasive method of endothelial function assessment by ultrasound technique to evaluate brachial artery called Flow– Mediated Dilatation (FMD) has emerged as a marker of endothelial dysfunction. Objectives: To study the difference in FMD between smokers and non-smokers and to study the correlation of FMD with blood pressure (BP)between smokers and non-smokers. Method: The present study was done on 31 smokers and 31 non-smokers (all males). Resting supine BP and brachial artery diameter was recorded by ultrasound. BP cuff was inflated 50mmHg above systolic pressure for 5 minutes and then deflated. Brachial artery diameter was again recorded for maximum dilation and FMD was calculated. Results: FMD as an indicator of endothelial dysfunction was much less in smokers (7.33) compared to non-smokers (13.83).Systolic BP in smokers was 128.96(±8) mmHg and 119.93(±7.6) mmHg in non-smokers. Conclusion: Significant endothelial dysfunction was observed in smokers as compared to non-smokers. Smokers were also associated with increased blood pressure which is a cause of endothelial dysfunction.
Authors and Affiliations
Santhi Reghu Nath
Keywords
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