Impact of Trade Liberalization on the Industry Wages in Pakistan (1995 — 2015)
Journal Title: Global Social Sciences Review - Year 2019, Vol 4, Issue 1
Abstract
The paper estimates the effects of trade reforms on workers' earnings in Pakistan's manufacturing sector during 1995-2015, employing data from 14 rounds of the Pakistan Labour Force Survey. OLS technique has been used for estimation and separate analysis for workers engaged in informal manufacturing activities is also undertaken. The results indicate that a tariff fall on intermediate products is associated with a rise in real earnings of workers employed in the manufacturing sector during this period, while a corresponding decline in tariffs on final goods has no effect on worker's wages. The results show that real wages of workers employed in the mainly export oriented industries of food, beverages and tobacco, textiles, apparel and leather and non-metallic mineral industries have declined over the twenty years period of trade reforms implemented in Pakistan. On the other hand, real wages are observed to have increased in the chemical and petroleum and basic metals industries.
Authors and Affiliations
Umer Khalid
Effects of Over-Crowded Classes on Teaching Learning Process at Secondary Level in District Nankana Sahib
The researcher aimed at investigating the effects of overcrowded classes on the teaching learning process at secondary level. By nature, this research study was descriptive so survey research design was employed and a cl...
Perception of Transition on Assessment and Learning at Postgraduate level
This study explores the students and teachers’ perceptions of transition in assessment from annual to semester system at university level. For collection of data two research tools i.e. questionnaire (students) and inter...
Developing English Speaking Skills: Enforcing Testing Criteria
Language is product of four skills: reading, writing, listening and speaking. English language learning and examination has been reduced to reading and writing in Pakistan, at the University level. However, English Speak...
Sino-Indian Engagement in Central Asia: Implications for Pakistan
Five Central Asian Republics (CARs) got independence in December 1991 as a result of the collapse of the USSR. Politically, economically, strategically and geographically Central Asia is regarded as the Heart of Asia. Th...
Indigenous Culture and Academic Discourse: A Critique of English Textbooks in Pakistan
The paper aims to explore how far English textbooks in Pakistan embody Pakistan and its culture. In this connection, the reading passages and pictures/images of the textbooks taught at secondary level in the government s...