In vitro flowering - literature review
Journal Title: Biotecnología Vegetal - Year 2009, Vol 9, Issue 1
Abstract
In vitro flowering can be induced at different stages during development of in vitro plants by changes in chemical and physical factors related to the tissue culture process. Among the physical factors, photoperiod and temperature have been studied more detailed. Their inductive effect may vary in different species. Some physical factors can also be replaced by chemical stimuli. The chemical factors more frequently described in the literature are some growth regulators and the sucrose/nitrogen ratio. Cytokinins may induce flower development from various organs, but high concentrations can inhibit flowering and cause sprouting of vegetative buds. Gibberellins and polyamines (mostly spermidine) have a positive effect on flower induction. While, ethylene and auxin seem to be powerful inhibitors of in vitro flowering. However, auxins seem to be necessary during the early stages of floral development. An increase in the concentration of sucrose in the culture medium favor development of flowers in vitro, whereas a high concentration of nitrogen can stimulate vegetative growth of explants. Nevertheless, if the nitrogen concentration is too low, explants do not develop well. The aim of this literature review is to discuss most common factors related to in vitro flowering and to list the most relevant scientific literature about the subject from 1980 on.
Authors and Affiliations
Wayner Montero-Carmona, Víctor M. Jiménez
Keywords
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