In vitro Genotoxic Effect of Arsenical Compounds in HepG2 Liver Cells
Journal Title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International - Year 2016, Vol 13, Issue 5
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the genotoxic effect in HepG2 cells of the four arsenic compounds by measuring DNA damage, depletion of cellular glutathione (GSH) as a measure of oxidative stress as well as antioxidant agent and apoptotic and necrotic events. Study Design: Arsenic is an environmental chemical of toxicological concern today since it has been shown to be a human genotoxin and carcinogen. This project investigated four forms of inorganic arsenic: arsenate (As+5), sodium arsenite (As+3), arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA+5); a major metabolite of arsenate. Methodology: HepG2 cells (1.5x105/ml) treated with the four arsenics (10 µM) for 24hr. Harvested cells were analysed for GSH concentration by reverse phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. Cells were investigated for DNA damage using the Comet assay. Cells were analysed by flow cytometry to detect apoptosis and necrosis, all running in parallel. Results: The DNA damage for cells dosed with DMA or As2O3 was not significantly different from control. However, significant DNA damage was seen for cells treated with arsenite and arsenate (p<0.001, p<0.05 respectively). Reduced glutathione was increased by arsenic compounds compared to control. However, this was only statistically significant for arsenite (p<0.001) and arsenate (p<0.05). Whereas, results not indicated apoptosis and necrosis in viable adherent cells although this was not statistically different. Conclusions: All four arsenicals appeared to increase GSH content and DNA damage compared to control especially both arsenite and arsenate significantly are different. Further experiments are required to assess the mechanism(s) of genotoxicity of the arsenicals in GSH depletion.
Authors and Affiliations
Ghazalla Benhusein, Elaine Mutch, Jamal Almezogi, Faith Williams
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP342336
- DOI 10.9734/BJPR/2016/28796
- Views 91
- Downloads 0
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities of Psidium guajava and Aloe vera
This paper aimed to study the antioxidant properties of two Nigerian plants Psidium guajava (guava) Myrtaceae and Aloe vera Liliaceae plants which have a broad application in phytomedicine. The plants were assessed by qu...
Wound Healing Activity of Total Alkaloidal Extract of the Root Bark of Alstonia boonei (Apocynacea)
Aims: Screening total alkaloidal extract from Alstonia boonei root bark for antimicrobial and wound healing activity. Methodology: The anti-microbial screening was performed using the agar well diffusion method and the e...
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Quranic Plants’ Mixture: A New Pharmaceutical Product
Aims: This work was carried out to determine anti-inflammatory effects of this new pharmaceutical product (Quranic Plants’ Mixture) and also to study side effects of this product on many important organs of the body of i...
In vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Hydro Ethanolic Extract of Delonix regia (Bojer ex. Hook.) Flowers on Cancer Cell Lines
Aims: To evaluate the In vitro cytotoxic effects of the hydro ethanolic extract (HEE) of the Delonix regia flowers against different cell lines. Methodology: The dried Delonix regia flowers are subjected to soxhlet extra...
Application of Response Surface Methodology and Central Composite Design for the Optimization of Metformin Microsphere Formulation using Tangerine (Citrus tangerina) Pectin as Copolymer
Aims: To prepare metformin microspheres by ionic gelation using novel pectin from the peel of tangerine, Citrus tangerina (Rutaceae), as a copolymer with sodium alginate. Study Design: Central composite design and respo...