Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the anti schistosomiasis activity of the bioactive formed glycoalkaloids from Solanum nigrum L. (family: Solanaceae) (S. nigrum) to control one of the most prevalent parasitic tropical diseases. Methods: Murashige and Skoog media containing growth regulators were used for callus and regeneration establishment. High performance liquid chromatography analysis was used for identification and quantitation of the glycoalkaloids. Mice infected with cercariae were used for biological studies. Hepatic marker enzymes, urea cycle enzymes and antioxidant biomarkers as well as chromosomal aberrations of mice were measured before and after treatment. Histopathological examination for infected and treated mice was also carried out. Results: High performance liquid chromatography analysis proved that S. nigrum cultures had the power to produce glycoalkaloids from calli and regenerate plants in higher concentrations than original plant. Treatment of infected mice with the separated glycoalkaloids induced significant improvement of all tested biomarkers. In addition, glycoalkaloids administration resulted in significant elaboration of somatic and germ cell mutation caused by bilharzia worms. Histopathological study illustrated improvement signs regarding inflammation and egg disintegrations. The refinement of biological signs was dose dependent. Conclusions: The outcomes of this study indicated potential effect of in vitro cultures of S. nigrum for glycoalkaloids formation. The data proved the potent effects of the glycoalkaloids against the hazards of bilharzias' infection including liver, renal and chromosomal disorders. The data of the present study could be a tool for development of plant originated antibilharziasis medicine to dispose the danger of ultimate debilitating helminthes.

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