Is the biggest problem of health-related artificial intelligence an ethical one?
Journal Title: Applied Medical Informatics - Year 2019, Vol 41, Issue 0
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is define by MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) as “theory anddevelopment of computer systems which perform tasks that normally require humanintelligence. Such tasks may include speech recognition, learning; visual perception;mathematical computing; reasoning, problem solving, decision-making, and translation oflanguage”. The keyword has been introduced in 1986 but received lately special attention dueto the access to a considerable amount of organized/structured data. The AI technology inhealth care has raw medical data as input on which apply machine learning algorithms andprovide as a specific output. The main feature of the AI is represented by the creation of itsown logic by recognizing patterns in the input data but are “black boxes” that predict wellwithout explaining why and are case-specific, the received goal is not self-adjusted. The healthrelated AI applications are developed to assist the diagnosis, development of the treatmentprotocol, drug development, personalized medicine, and healthcare monitoring. High-LevelExpert Group on Artificial Intelligence (AI HLEG, https://ec.europa.eu/digital-singlemarket/en/high-level-expert-group-artificial-intelligence) published the Ethics Guidelines forTrustworthy AI that listed “seven key requirements for Trustworthy AI: (1) human agency andoversight, (2) technical robustness and safety, (3) privacy and data governance, (4) transparency,(5) diversity, non-discrimination and fairness, (6) environmental and societal well-being and (7)accountability.” The use of AI technology in health care and medical education arise severalethical issues regarding patient autonomy, privacy, and confidentiality, informed consent,discrimination, quantification of AI risks and benefits, responsibility, misuses, responsibleconduct of AI research and testing, etc. Several AI ethical issues in health-care are introducedand discussed.
Authors and Affiliations
Maria ALUAȘ, Sorana BOLBOACĂ
Keywords
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