КРИЗИС РАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТИ КАК ОСНОВА МИФОТВОРЧЕСТВА В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ
Journal Title: Гуманітарний часопис - Year 2016, Vol 1, Issue 4
Abstract
Jadan Viktoria CRISIS OF RATIONALITY AS BASIS FOR MYTHMAKING IN MODERN CULTURE The article considers the myth is an important element of culture. A myth is an ancient form of consciousness and storage of collective experience, it forms the world view and value system in the society. A myth was important for antiquity and it is important for modernity. Myth creation is an ongoing process. Mythmaking is affected by historical, social and political conditions, that’s why every society creates its own myths. Nowadays mythmaking is activated in modern culture. This process was influenced by changes in the culture, consciousness and the image of a human life. We can observe the manifestation of mythmaking in philosophy, science, art, politics and economics. The myth is taking new forms. It is necessary to study the myth, mythological consciousness and mythmaking. Thus, all these reasons cause the relevance of studying the development and functioning of a modern myth and mythmaking. The objective of the article is to analyze the main reasons that stipulated the activation of myth in contemporary culture. An important reason that affects mythmaking is a crisis of rationality. Rationality can be defined as an orientation to the mind, understanding the world through logic, identity of thinking and being. Rationalism of European culture has caused the development of science, commerce and industry. Rationalism tried to destroy the realm of the sacred. It is a well-known fact that the science became unable to provide answers to the basic questions of human existence. The science has created new problems in a human life. Man turned from scientific optimism to disappointment in science, which caused a crisis of rationality. Crisis of rationality affected the everyday consciousness. The world for the person lost its former unity and stability. Nowadays modern people depend on technology as an archaic man from nature. This caused psychological discomfort in humans and in order to get rid of it a person makes myths. The modern myth is losing its sacred contents, but does not lose the majority of archaic functions which are inherent to it. So, modern myth helps a person to organize and understand the world. Crisis processes in culture accompany an increased activity of ordinary consciousness. In addition to the common sense, empirical knowledge and skills, emotions, superstitions, delusions, etc. are of great importance in ordinary consciousness. Another reason for mythmaking is a big and unstructured flow of information that comes to the modern man. He does not have time to comprehend and rationally consider the received information. In situations of information uncertainty the person will give preference to the sensual perception of the world, as it is known that conceptual and logical thinking gives way to figurative one. Therefore, the myth becomes the only possible way of explanation and development of the world. In comparison with the scientific and rational explanation of the world and laws of its development, the myth explains the difficult through the simple and does not require intellectual efforts for comprehension real cause-and-effect relations of a phenomenon. Myth comprehension does not need special training, as it operates with simple concepts and images, it can be easily reproduced and therefore is accessible to everyone. To sum up, cardinal changes of European culture that have been happening since the end of the 19th century reflected human consciousness, the way of life, system of values and world perception. Crises in the cultural and social spheres have always served the basis for mythmaking. The myth makes any uncertain situation clear and helps people to overcome it. So, mythmaking has become one of the features of modern culture, and its components can be detected not only in religion and art but in politics and science as well.
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Вікторія Жадан
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