Low Birth Weight Babies- Risk Factors and Complications: A Clinical Study
Journal Title: International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research - Year 2017, Vol 4, Issue 1
Abstract
Introduction: Birth weight is important criterion for determining the neonatal and infant survival. Low Birth Weight (LBW) indicates socio-economic conditions and indirectly measures the health of the mother and the child. The present study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology to evaluate the factors leading to low birth babies and complications. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in year 2011. It included 250 babies delivered with weight less than 2.5 kg. Patients information such as name, age, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin levels, bad obstetric history pre eclampsia, fetal distress, mode of deliveries were recorded. These results were compared with a random sample of 100 pregnant ladies (control). Results: Out of 250 delivered babies, 30 were low birth weight. The prevalence rate was 12%. The number of babies with <20 BMI in LBW was 9 and in control group was 15 while with 20- 25 in LBW was 18 in control it was 45. >25 BMI was seen in 3 babies with LBW while it was 40 in control group. The difference was significant (P<0.05). Pregnancy complications in LBW and control group. These included bad obstectric history, anaemia with Hb less than 11gm%, pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, PROM and malpresentation. The difference was significant in both groups (P<0.05). In LBW group 18 were illiterate and 12 were had education upto primary level while in control group 55 had education upto primary level and 45 were illiterate. 10 were housewife and 20 were labourers in LBW group while 56 were housewife and 44 were labourer in control group. The difference was significant in both groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with poor socio-economic status are more prone to develop LBW babies. Most common complications are bad obstectric history, anaemia, pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, PROM and malpresentation.
Authors and Affiliations
Seema Mishra, Mamta Joshi
Keywords
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