MAGIC MUSHROOM A POTENT HALLUCINOGEN: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Journal Title: European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research - Year 2019, Vol 6, Issue 7
Abstract
Hallucinogen, the substance which can alter a person's perception of reality. Some naturally occurring substances proved their potential to act as a hallucinogen. Amongst, Psilocybin (4-phosphorylox-N, N-dimethyltryptaminic acid) is one which exerts its effects by initially disrupting the interaction of nerve cells and the neurotransmitter serotonin. Serotonin system in brain is involved in many activities such as control of the behavior, perceptual, and regulatory systems etc. After consumption, this is transformed into the pharmacologically vigorous form psilocin and psilocybin are equally indole alkyl amines and structurally comparable to the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT). Pharmacokinetic studies in animals showed that only 60% of 13C-labelled psilocin is absorbed subsequent oral administration and is about uniformly dispersed throughout the body, as well as the brain, where it exerts its psychiatric properties. In humans, psilocybin is obvious in large amounts in the plasma within 30-40 minutes after per oral administration and highest concentrations are reached behind roughly 70-90 min. the greatest plasma level of Psilocybin is extra metabolized by monoamine oxidase (MAO) most important to arrangement of 2- hydroxyindole-4-acetic acid. In vivo studies in rats have exposed that psilocybin is eliminated in urine (75%) and feces and bile (20-30%) within 7 hours after oral administration. About 20-30% remained in the individual for a longer time with metabolites of psilocybin being detected in urine 8 days after oral administration. Psilocin and psilocybin create mostly pharmacological effects comparable to those of LSD and mescaline; activation of central serotonin receptors and obstruction of peripheral serotonin receptors.
Authors and Affiliations
Ritika Singh
Keywords
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