Abstract

The basic scheme for calculating the bottoms of large-sized foundations is at present a scheme of a linearly deformed layer of finite thickness. A large operational experience and the results of long-term observations for the subsidence of the foundations show that the actual subsidence of the foundations turned out to be much larger than the calculated values determined by the subsidence of the foundations calculation formula based on the theory of this model. The material of the actual subsidence of the constructed objects on large-sized foundations under increased loads shows that the subsidence curves consist of linear and nonlinear sections. Then the settlement speed decreases and the stabilization stage begins. The linear section of the subsidence graph characterizes the process of soil compaction. The increase in settlement speed in a nonlinear section should be explained by the increase in the role of horizontal displacements in the general deformation of the bottom. The fact that horizontal displacements play a significant role in the overall subsidence of the structure is confirmed by numerous studies of the bottoms under reservoirs and embankments and in small-scale experiments. The account of horizontal displacement allows you to maximize the actual precipitation to the calculated ones.

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