MODERNIZATION OF SAINT PANCRAS AND KING'S CROSS RAILWAY STATIONS IN LONDON
Journal Title: Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports - Year 2015, Vol 3, Issue 18
Abstract
The article concerns the renovation and modernization of two London railway stations - St. Pancras and King`s Cross. Both stations were built in the middle of the nineteenth century and are an example of industrial heritage. A characteristic feature that distinguishes the two buildings is the metal (iron) structure with a glass canopy. The St. Pancras railway station was characterized by a hall with the largest span in the world, and today is one of the leading examples of using iron in the development of architecture and building structures. Both stations have experienced periods of flourishing and stagnation throughout their history. There were even plans to demolish the old stations and build new facilities and in their place. Now, after the successful modernization of St. Pancras and King's Cross railway stations, they serve as good examples of the adaptation of transport utilities to modern needs, while respecting their historic structure. The problems that the designers and contractors were faced with during the renovation and modernization of the two London stations also deserve attention.
Authors and Affiliations
Anna JÓŹWIK
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP239731
- DOI -
- Views 62
- Downloads 0
Successfull urban regeneration project: Gdańsk-Letnica district case study
This paper presents the process of urban regeneration of Gdansk Letnica district, a project that from a very short time perspective can be described as successful. The paper will present a brief district’s history as wel...
VEHICLE-ROUTING OPTIMIZATION FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COLLECTION USING GENETIC ALGORITHM: THE CASE OF SOUTHERN NABLUS CITY
Municipalities are responsible for solid waste collectiont for environmental, social and economic purposes. Practices of municipalities should be effective and efficient, with the objectives of reducing the total incurre...
MODERNIZATION OF PUBLIC SPACE FLOOR AND ITS IMPACT ON AREA - THE EXAMPLE OF THE KOŚCIUSZKO SQUARE IN BIAŁYSTOK
The last 25 years have been in many Polish cities a period of intensive modernization and renewals of the existing public spaces. Most of all the resurfacing of the pavement and changing of street furniture have been hel...
Transformation of an industrial facilities – revitalisation or adaptation
At the turn of the century Polish cities witnessed radical changes due to the political, economic and social transformations which resulted in the technical, social, and cultural degradation of the existing former indust...
Calcium content in post-mining grounds in the Łęknica region
The work contains results of a study on the calcium content – subtotal and soluble in 0.1M HCl – in post-mining grounds in Łęknica area. Subtotal content of calcium in the level of forest litter, regardless of the used f...