MYKHAILO HRUSHEVSKY IS THE CENTRAL FIGURE IN UKRAINIAN POLITICAL AND LEGAL THOUGHT OF THE LATE ХІХ – THE FIRST THIRD OF THE ХХ-th CENTURY
Journal Title: Scientific journal «International Journal of Philology» - Year 2016, Vol 1, Issue 248
Abstract
M.S. Hrushevsky has been analyzed as a central figure in Ukrainian political and legal thought of the late XIX - the first third of the ХХ century; the views of Great Ukrainian on issues of the state and law have been researched; the concept of academic concerning Ukrainian constitutionalism has been elaborated and it has been proved in the article that Mykhailo Hrushevsky’s heirdom was the cultural heritage of the Ukrainians and was important for spiritual and social development of Ukraine. Mykhailo Hrushevsky is the outstanding Ukrainian historian, public and statesman, creator of «History of Ukraine-Rus», which in the vast archival material showed the continuity of the history of the Ukrainian people from the Kievan state times and proved that the Ukrainian people, like all the other Slavic peoples, have had its own roots. Thanks Mykhailo Hrushevsky for the fact that after nearly 300 years of national oppression, he proclaimed Ukraine as an independent state, which was recorded by IV Universal. The heirdom of Mykhailo Hrushevsky is the cultural heritage of our nation and is essential for spiritual and social development of Ukraine. He wrote nearly two thousands works, which traced the history of Ukraine from ancient times to the proclamation of the Ukrainian National Republic. The scientific heirdom of Mykhailo Hrushevsky interested not only historians, but also lawyers, because he had a lot of research on the legal aspects of the Ukrainian statehood. Mykhailo Hrushevsky leads the research of Ukrainian political and legal history from Kievan Rus through Galicia – Volyn principality, then – Lithuanian-Russian times, period of the liberation struggle of Cossack-Hetman times and Pereyaslav treaty with Moscow kingdom. Great Rus story according to M.Hrushevsky, has started with Volodymyr- Moscow principality, which evolved under the strongest influence of Kievan Rus. Overall Russian history as overall Russian nation doesn’t not exist – it is an artificial construction, according to Hrushevsky’s point of view. M. Hrushevsky in his research on the state and law issues gave the definitions to the following categories: political theory; political process; political institutions; political culture. Hrushevsky’s merit was in the drafting constitution of the Russian Empire restructuring, where he focused on the state decentralization; providing the cities with broad national territorial autonomy; parliamentary government; separation of powers into legislative, executive, judicial and human rights and freedoms. All scientific and social activities of M. Hrushevsky were based on the idea of federalism and populism. In his article "The constitutional issue and the Ukrainians in Russia" scientist proposed a project, which included the state decentralization, regions provided with broad national territorial autonomy, parliamentary government, a clear definition of the subjects’ status of the Federation. M. Hrushevsky required considering only the unity of people and the state, social and national interests, internal and external freedom, past, present and future of the nation; he demanded to consider in the unity also the interests of "top" and "bottom" of the nation. M. Hrushevsky actively considered political and legal issues in the period of existence and the Central Council activity. This period was the highest flight of political, social and public activities of M. Hrushevsky. He was one of the main ideologists of the Ukrainian revolution; the creator of its concept and together with the UCC he passed the way from the requirements of limited national-territorial autonomy to the formation of independent Ukraine. Scientific works of the academic and representatives of his scientific school were written on the issues of history, politics, and law of Ukraine and have become a real phenomenon in scientific and public life of independent Ukraine. State and legal concept of M. Hrushevsky was certified in laws that were made by the Central Council during its existence, including the law "On national and personal autonomy", "On voting rights", "On citizenship", in the Constitution of UNR as the fundamental law etc. M. Hrushevkiy’s contribution to the development of the Ukrainian state and law is undeniable, and the flow of social and political process in Ukraine nowadays largely depends on the specific historical background, prevailing in the Ukrainian history.
Authors and Affiliations
O Shynkaruk
Keywords
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