Natural Rights and Human Rights
Journal Title: The Journal of Human Rights - Year 2014, Vol 8, Issue 1
Abstract
Any human rights bereft of philosophical and anthropological foundations are susceptible to weakness and vulnerability. The question as to how from a logical point of view we arrive at the conclusion that the fact of being a human accords us with rights is one that has been provided with several answers. Belief in the natural rights is justification for some prominent proponents. However, in spite of serious challenges facing the proponents of natural rights, it is possible to consider them as one of the foundations of human rights and, in turn, view certain human rights as a modern interpretation of natural rights. In this article, we do not advance the claim that the relationship between human and natural rights is one of identity. The notion of human rights is distinct from natural rights. None the less, it is possible to detect a close relationship between the modern human rights and the ancient theory of natural rights whose traces may be recognized in Islamic law, so much so that belief in natural rights may be said to constitute the foundation and justification for many explicit rights in international human rights documents. The author tries to demonstrate that seeds of human rights have been scattered in the rich soil of the theory of natural rights, being effective in flourishing human rights; therefore, not be separated from its roots, not needless to it. چکیده بی‌بهرگی حقوق بشر از مبانی فلسفی و انسان‌شناختی مایه ضعف، سستی و آسیب‌پذیری آن است. به این پرسش که از لحاظ منطقی چگونه از انسان بودن انسان به صاحب حق بودن او می‌رسیم، پاسخ‌های متعدد داده شده است. باور به حقوق طبیعی توجیهی است که طرفدارانی صاحب نام دارد. البته بر سر راه مدافعان حقوق طبیعی چالش‌های بعضاً جدی وجود دارد؛ اما در عین حال می‌توان با اعتقاد به حقوق طبیعی به عنوان یک مبنای حقوق بشر، دسته‌ای از حقوق بشر را روایتی نو از آن دانست. ادعای این مقاله آن نیست که میان حقوق طبیعی و حقوق بشر نسبت «این همانی» وجود دارد. مفهوم حقوق بشر متفاوت از حقوق طبیعی است. سخن در رابطه وثیقی است که میان حقوق بشر امروزی و نظریه اولیه حقوق طبیعی که رد پای آن را در حقوق اسلام نیز می‌توان دید، وجود دارد. تا جایی که می‌توان حقوق طبیعی را مبنا و توجیه‌گر بسیاری از حق‌های مصرح در اسناد بین‌المللی حقوق بشر دانست.
Authors and Affiliations
Nasser Qorban Nia
Keywords
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