Assessing Tigris River Water Quality in Baghdad City Using Water Quality Index and Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Journal Title: International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology - Year 30, Vol 3, Issue 7
Abstract
This study assesses spatial and long temporal variations in water quality over the years 2008-2011 for Tigris River by: use of a water quality index (WQI), and multivariate statistical methods namely: principal component analysis and factor analysis (PCA/FA) to extract the parameters that are most important in assessing variations of river water quality, and cluster analysis (CA) to parameters responsible to temporal and spatial variations , for 18 physiochemical pollution data sets :pH value, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total suspended solids (TSS), Temperature (T), Turbidity (Tur), Total alkalinity(TA), Total hardness (TH), Calcium(Ca+2), Magnesium (Mg+2), Sulfate(SO4 -2 ), Total solids(TS) ,Iron(Fe+2), Aluminum(Al+3 ), Nitrite(NO2 -1 ), Nitrate(NO3 -1 ), Ammonia(NH3), Silica(Si), and Orthophosphate(PO4) -3 , from the intake of 8 water treatment sampling sites on the river. WQI on a rating scale range 50 >WQI>300, is 192, indicating poor water quality, not safe for drinking, industrial and crop uses. (PCA/FA) total variance for the rotation sums of squared loadings gives70.742% for 4 components, and 52.186% cumulative for 2 factor components. CA analysis dendrogram gives 3 clusters based on 8 WTPs as: Cluster 1 (Alrashed,Alwahda),cluster2(cluster1,Al-Karkh,East-Tigrus,Al-athba),cluster3(cluster1,cluster2,Al-Karama,AlQadsiya,Al-Dora), and 3 clusters based on the 20 physical and chemical data sets parameters : Cluster 1(,TS, EC, SO4 -2 , Mg+2, Ca+2, TH), cluster2(cluster1, TA, pH, NO3 -1 , Si), cluster3(cluster1,cluster2,Tur, Fe, NO2 -1 , PO4 - 2 ,TSS,NH3 +1 ,Al+3 )
Authors and Affiliations
Husain M. Flaieh
Keywords
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