Dietary onion and ginger enhance growth,hemato-immunological responses, and disease resistance in brown-marbled grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
Journal Title: Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation - International Journal of the Bioflux Society - Year 2012, Vol 5, Issue 4
Abstract
A 12-week (September to December 2009) feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the immunostimulatory effects of different substances administered orally through the diet in the brownmarbled grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. Five experimental diets containing either onion, ginger, b-glucan, or vitamin C and a control diet (without immunostimulants) were fed to the fish weighing about 44 g for 12 weeks. Onion-fed fish showed significantly increased weight gain, hematocrit, and total Ig compared to the control group; however, leukocyte differential count and ROS production were unaffected. Ginger-fed fish likewise significantly increased total Ig, ROS production and lysozyme activity. However, it did not affect growth and hematocrit value. β-glucan significantly increased growth and total Ig but had no effect on the other parameters. Vitamin C significantly increased hematocrit, total Ig and ROS production but did not increase growth. Upon challenge with a bacterial pathogen Vibrio harveyi, mortality was significantly reduced in the onion, ginger and vitamin C-fed fish but not in the β–glucan-fed fish. This study demonstrated that onion and ginger could positively affect the innate immune responses and protect grouper against Vibrio harveyi infection.
Authors and Affiliations
Mary Apines-Amar, Edgar Amar, Joseph Faisan Jr, Shuichi Satoh
Keywords
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