FLOWING GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE UNDERGROUND WATERS IN ZANOAGA TECTONIC GRABEN, BUCEGI MOUNTAINS
Journal Title: The Annals of Valahia University of Târgoviste, Geographical Series - Year 2004, Vol 4, Issue 2
Abstract
The geological studies made in the area of Bucegi Mountain have covered a large surface in order to be posible the elaboration of a flowing hydrodynamic model of the underground waters. Bucegi Mountain is situated at the contact between the Oriental Carpathians and the Meridional Carpathians, a tectonic type contact, having the type of a superposition fault, with the N-S orientation. The deposits that form the relief of Bucegi Mountains belong to the medium Jurassic, superior Jurassic and inferior Cretaceous Period. The medium and the superior Jurasic can be found in the western side under the forme of a continuous plate, in a prevalent carbonate facies, and the inferior Cretaceous can be found in the eastern area of Bucegi Mountain, in flysch facies (Sinaia, Comarnic, etc layers) and clastic type molasses facies (Scropoasa-Laptici grit stone, Babele grit stone, Bucegi conglomerates). The inferior Cretaceous begins with the Neocomian in the facies of Sinaia layers continues with Barremian-Aptian represented by Comarnic layers and ends with the Gault in the clastic facies described by Bucegi conglomerates, Scropoasa-Laptici grit stone and the Babele grit stone. Sinaia and Comarnic layers have an almost 2500 m thickness and the Gault grit stone conglomerates grit stone facies have a transgression character over the Jurassic carbonate deposits and even over the crystalline foundation. Zanoaga Keys, dug deep in the calcareous stone of the superior Jurassic, represent the third morphological limit traversed by Ialomita River from the spring to downstream. This system is affected by a tectonics graben that separates Little Zanoaga Keys, in the north and Big Zanoaga Keys, in the south. Zanoaga Tectonic graben is the result of the crystalline foundation deformations as a result of the Austric tectogenesis, from the Gault level that introduced tension in the sedimentary counterpane. The two faults that are towards E-W that determine the graben structure also affects the crystalline foundation; some unhooking movements take on their length because of the gravitational taking off of the Jurassic counterpane. As a results of this movements, at least one of the faults turns from gravitational fault into reverse fault. The graben’s subsidence of the central sector determined the lowering of the Jurassic counterpane to 300-350 m depths. The tension from the Jurassic carbonate counterpane determined the formation of three almost orthogonal main systems cleavage. Zanoaga graben introduces a series of very important elements concerning the structure of the karstic aquifer existent here: changing the flowing direction, increasing the flowing speed, the low mineralisation and the microbiological auto-cleaning of the waters etc. The karsic aquifer put into evidence at the level of the Jurassic counterpane, downstream to Tataru Keys and dreined by the rich springs from Scropoasa area, known as “the Seven Springs”, represents a source of low mineralized (almost 285 mg/l) and microbiologically pure water in the conditions of natural flow. At this moment, the karstic aquifer functions in the conditions of influenced regime, the natural quality of waters depending on the manner of exploitation of Bolboci hydro-technique fitting out.
Authors and Affiliations
Alexandru ISTRATE
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