Weed Dynamics and Yield of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Response to Weed Management and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates in Southern Ethiopia
Journal Title: Scientia Agriculturae - Year 2016, Vol 16, Issue 1
Abstract
Lack of weed management and absence of use of the recommended N fertilizer rates can cause annual wheat yield loss of up to 85% in Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted at Bobicho and Faate in southern Ethiopia during the 2014 main cropping season to determine the effect of weed management practices and N application rates on weeds, yield attributes and yield of bread wheat and to evaluate the economic feasibility of treatments in wheat. The twenty treatments were of the combinations of four levels of N (0, 60 ,85 and 110 kgN ha-1) and five weed management practices (hand weeding at 2and5WAE, pyroxsulam 20 g ha-1, pyroxsulam 10 g ha-1 + 2,4-DEE 0.50 kg ha-1, weed free check and weedy check).The experiment was conducted using factorial arrangement in RCBD with three replications. At harvest, weed density resulted in increasing trend in weedy check while weed dry weight had inconsistent trend at both locations. Weedy check recorded significantly higher weed density and dry weight under all the N application rates at crop harvest. The highest number of total (309m-2) and productive (302.3 m-2) tillers were recorded with the combination of weed - free and 110 kg N ha-1at Bobicho though was statistically at par with pyroxsulam at 20 g ha-1 and two hand weeding at 2 and 5 WAE at the same location but significantly higher than all the other combinations. The yield attributes decreased significantly when weeds remained uncontrolled under all N application rates. The highest grain yield was found with the combination of 110 kg N ha-1and weed free at Bobicho. However, at Faate weed free in combination with 110 kg N ha-1recorded significantly higher yield over other combinations. The lowest total weed density (9.6 m-2) was recorded in pyroxsulam 20 g ha-1in combination with 110 kgN ha-1, while the lowest total weed dry weight (2.4 g m-2) was recorded in combination of two hand weeding at 2 and5 WAE in combination with 110 kgN ha-1.The highest number of productive tillers of 301.6 m-2 was recorded in weed free check with 110 kgN ha-1, while the highest number of grains per spike of 64.3 was recorded in weed free with 110 kg N ha-1at both locations. The highest grain yield of 5384.3 kg ha-1 was recorded in weed-free with 110 kgN ha-1at Bobicho. Moreover, combination of pyroxsulam 10 g ha-1 + 2,4-DEE 0.50 kg ha-1 with 110 kgN ha-1gaveaverage maximum relative net returns of ETB 29160.5 ha-1. Hence, using pyroxsulam 10 g ha-1 +2,4-DEE 0.50 kg ha-1 with 110 kg N ha-1 gave higher yield and maximum relative net returns both at Bobicho and Faate. However, N rates with weed managements should be tested in different wheat varieties for remarkable recommendation.
Authors and Affiliations
Dawit Dalga
Keywords
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- EP ID EP138897
- DOI 10.15192/PSCP.SA.2016.16.1.819
- Views 94
- Downloads 0
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