Nephrotoxicity and carcinogenesis of aristolochic acids and their derivates
Journal Title: Traditional Medicine Research - Year 2018, Vol 3, Issue 1
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs), a natural mixture of 8-methoxy-6-nitro-phenanthro-(3,4-d)-1,3-dioxolo-5-carboxylic acid (AAI) and 6-nitro-phenanthro-(3,4-d)-1,3-dioxolo-5-carboxylic acid (AAII), derived from aristolochiaceae species, has been reported to cause AAS-induced nephropathy and upper urothelial cancer. In this review, we summarize the information on the nephrotoxicity and carcinogenesis of AAs and their derivatives. AAs nephrotoxicity can lead to apoptosis and oxidative stress of renal tubular cells, and inhibition of the expression of aquaporins. AAs can also reduce the capability for renal tubular epithelial cell repair after acute injury and further produce renal fibrosis by activating TGF-β-Smad signaling and promoting the migration of macrophages. Moreover, AAs-induced carcinogenesis may be due to the formation of covalent adducts with DNA which can lead to the mutation in certain tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes and the different catalyzing capacity of the microsomal cytochrome P450 of individuals in AAI metabolism.
Authors and Affiliations
Zi-Qi Jin, Jin-Wei Yuan, Jian Hao, Xiong-Zhi Wu
Keywords
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