NET and NETosis – new phenomenon in immunology
Journal Title: Advances in Hygiene and Experimental Medicine - Year 2012, Vol 66, Issue 0
Abstract
Neutrophils are one of the first cells of the immune system recruited to the site of infection, representing the host’s most effective and numerous front-line defenders. Recently, a novel antimicrobial mechanism of neutrophils has been described: upon activation, they release DNA and a subset of their granule content, forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These extracellular, chromatin structures, which contain histones and neutrophil granule proteins, can trap and kill a broad spectrum of microbes, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. Some of the pathogens, which are trapped and exposed to high local concentrations of antimicrobial compounds, employ strategies against NET binding, including surface modification and/or degradation of NET by DNases. It has been suggested that NETs are formed during active cell death, recently named NETosis. New data indicate that this novel mechanism of cell death requires interaction between three processes – reactive oxygen species generation, histone citrullination and autophagy – and significantly differs from previously known types of cell death, including apoptosis and necrosis. Moreover, the release of nuclear chromatin was also described for other types of cells – mast cells and eosinophils. Mast cells, like neutrophils, under certain conditions release nuclear chromatin and may undergo a similar active cell death program, while eosinophils release only mitochondrial chromatin, and its release does not lead to the death of these cells.
Authors and Affiliations
Natalia Matoszka, Joanna Działo, Beata Tokarz-Deptuła, Wiesław Deptuła
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP66723
- DOI -
- Views 156
- Downloads 0
Second code, or what determines actively transcribed regions and replication origins
Although each cell of a complex organism is governed by the same genome, cells which form different tissues vary in epigenetic codes that are responsible for various gene expression. These codes, through their influence...
Anestezjologia w sieci cytokin
Chlamydiozy dróg moczowo-płciowych u ludzi
Chlamydie to bakterie występujące w środowisku człowieka, wywołujące wiele schorzeń. Zakażenia tymi bakteriami są powszechne zarówno wśród kobiet, jak i mężczyzn, choć częściej są diagnozowane u kobiet. Występują często...
Występowanie bakterii z rodzaju Legionella spp. w próbkach wody ciepłej w szpitalach w Polsce, w latach 2009-2013
Microbiological threat from Legionella spp. is associated with the current widespread use of air-condition systems and frequent colonization of hot water distribution systems in public facilities (hospitals, hotels, nurs...
Usefulness of estimation of blood procalcitonin concentration versus C-reactive protein concentration and white blood cell count for therapeutic monitoring of sepsis in neonates
Aim: This study was intended to assess the clinical usefulness of blood procalcitonin (PCT) concentrations for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of nosocomial neonatal sepsis.Material/Methods: The enrolment criter...