OMBUDSMAN IN THE MECHANISM OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION IN UKRAINE: SEARCH FOR AN EFFECTIVE MODEL IN THE CONTEXT OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE ADOPTION
Journal Title: Вісник Запорізького національного університету. Юридичні науки - Year 2018, Vol 2, Issue
Abstract
The article studies the legal nature of ombudsman as an important institute of human rights which is intended to contribute to the protection of human and civil rights. The research is based on the analysis of basic models of ombudsman institute which are developed by a foreign experience of state formation that will facilitate the adoption of a positive experience and search for an effective functional model of this institution in Ukraine. It is proposed that Ombudsman is understood as an organizationally separate, relatively individual and independent, politically neutral state body, whose the main task is to promote protection of human and civil rights from violations of public authorities or their officials. The paper notes that it is necessary to develop a unified concept for the development of a system for human rights protection during the reform process in order to increase the effectiveness of a mechanism for human rights protection. It should clearly identify which institutions are proposed to be introduced, including the list of specialized ombudsmen and a unified model for their functioning. It is essential to take into account the experience of ombudsmen functioning in foreign countries and the domestic practice of state building during the elaboration of this concept. The research analyses different models of ombudsmen that are in foreign countries as follows: 1) Executive Ombudsman (Quasi-Ombudsman) (France, the USA); 2) Independent Ombudsman (Portugal, Namibia, the Netherlands); 3) Parliamentary Ombudsman; 4) mixed model. Summing up the study, it is noted that today a mixed model of the ombudsman institution functions in Ukraine, on the one hand a parliamentary model continues to develop, and on the other hand a branched network of “quasi-ombudsman institutions” takes action. In view of this, in the process of constitutional-legal modernization and development of the mechanism for human rights protection, more attention should be paid to the elaboration of an optimal model of alternative (extrajudicial) human rights institutions, including ombudsmen, which would be able to function effectively and contribute to the real protection of human rights.
Authors and Affiliations
Н. В. Верлос
Keywords
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